by Grant Richardson Stenton. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 259-287). / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Publications --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.v / Contents --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1 1.1. --- Historical Background --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2. --- Origin and distribution of mast cells --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3. --- Mast cell heterogeneity --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4. --- Mast cell mediators --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4.1. --- Preformed mast cell mediators --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.2. --- Newly synthesised mast cell mediators --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5. --- Mast cell activation --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5.1. --- Antigenic pathway of mast cell activation --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5.1.1. --- Antigen binding and receptor aggregation --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.1.2. --- Early events following FcεRI aggregation --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.1.3. --- Antigenic induction of mast cell second messenger production --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.1.4. --- Phospholipase C activation and mast cells --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5.1.5. --- Phospholipase A2 activation and mast cells --- p.17 / Chapter 1.5.1.6. --- Intracellular calcium and mast cells --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5.1.7. --- Calcium and calmodulin --- p.21 / Chapter 1.5.1.8. --- Adenylate cyclase activation and mast cells --- p.21 / Chapter 1.5.2. --- Non-antigenic pathway of mast cell activation --- p.22 / Chapter 1.6. --- Aims of the study --- p.25 / Chapter 1.6.1. --- Diuretics --- p.26 / Chapter 1.6.2. --- Histamine receptor directed compounds --- p.27 / Chapter 1.6.3. --- Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors --- p.28 / Chapter 1.6.4. --- Immunosuppressive compounds --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1. --- Materials and methods --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Secretagogues --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Anti-allergic compounds --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.3. --- Diuretics --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.4. --- Immunosuppressants --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1.5. --- Histamine agonists and antagonists --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1.6. --- Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1.7. --- Materials for buffers --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.8. --- Materials for rat sensitization --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.9. --- Materials for histamine assay --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.10. --- Materials for calcium measurement --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.11. --- Materials for prostaglandin D2 measurement --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.12. --- Materials for leukotriene C4 measurement --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.13. --- Materials for cyclic AMP measurement --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.14. --- Miscellaneous --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2. --- Buffers and stock solutions --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Buffer ingredients --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Stock solutions --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3. --- Animals and cell isolation --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Animals --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Sensitization of animals --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Cell isolation --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3.4. --- Cell washing and purification --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.5. --- Preparation of cells for counting --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.6. --- Cell counting on a haemocytometer --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4. --- General protocol for histamine release and histamine measurement --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.1. --- Histamine release --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.2. --- Spectroflurometric determination of histamine contents --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.3. --- Calculation of histamine levels --- p.45 / Chapter 2.5. --- Protocol for cellular calcium measurement --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5.1. --- 45Ca2+ influx measurement --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5.2. --- Calculation of 45Ca2+ influx --- p.48 / Chapter 2.5.3. --- Fura-2 fluorescence measurement of intracellular calcium --- p.48 / Chapter 2.5.4. --- Fura-2 cell loading --- p.48 / Chapter 2.5.5. --- Fura-2 fluorescence parameters --- p.49 / Chapter 2.5.6. --- Calculation of basal calcium levels --- p.50 / Chapter 2.6. --- Protocol for prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) measurement --- p.52 / Chapter 2.6.1. --- PGD2 production --- p.52 / Chapter 2.6.2. --- Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay (EIA) method of PGD2 measurement --- p.52 / Chapter 2.6.3. --- Calculation of (EIA) PGD2 production --- p.53 / Chapter 2.6.4. --- Radio Immunosorbent Assay (RIA) method of PGD2 measurement --- p.53 / Chapter 2.6.5. --- Calculation of (RIA) PGD2 concentration --- p.54 / Chapter 2.7. --- Protocol for leukotriene C4 (LTC4) measurement --- p.54 / Chapter 2.7.1. --- LTC4 production --- p.54 / Chapter 2.7.2. --- Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay (EIA) method of LTC4 measurement --- p.55 / Chapter 2.7.3. --- Calculation of (EIA) LTC4 concentration --- p.55 / Chapter 2.8. --- Protocol for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) measurement --- p.56 / Chapter 2.8.1. --- cAMP production --- p.56 / Chapter 2.8.2. --- Radio Immunosorbent Assay (RIA) method of cAMP measurement --- p.56 / Chapter 2.8.3. --- Calculation of cAMP concentration --- p.57 / Chapter 2.9. --- Statistical analysis --- p.57 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- "Frusemide, Bumetanide and DSCG" --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Frusemide and bumetanide as loop diuretics --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Effects of frusemide and bumetanide on the airways --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Effects of frusemide on mast cells --- p.60 / Chapter 3.1.4. --- Experimental aims --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3. --- Results --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- "Effects of frusemide, bumetanide and DSCG on immunologically induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells" --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- "Effects of frusemide, bumetanide and DSCG on compound 48/80 induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells" --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- "Effects of frusemide, bumetanide and DSCG on compound 48/80 induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells suspended in calcium free buffer" --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.4. --- "Effects of frusemide, bumetanide and DSCG on ionophore A23187 and thapsigargin induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells" --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.5. --- Cross-tachyphylaxis effects of frusemide and bumetanide --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3.6. --- Effects of DSCG on the inhibition of anaphylactic histamine release due to frusemide --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.7. --- Effects of frusemide and DSCG on immunologically and non-immunologically induced 45Ca2+ uptake --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.8. --- Effects of frusemide and DSCG on immunologically and non-immunologically induced changes in the free intracellular calcium concentration of rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.9. --- Effects of frusemide and bumetanide on the spontaneous and secretagogue induced PGD2 production from rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.10. --- Effects of frusemide and DSCG on cellular cAMP levels --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4. --- Discussion --- p.101 / Chapter 3.5. --- Summary --- p.111 / Chapter 3.6. --- Conclusion --- p.114 / Chapter 3.7. --- Future studies --- p.114 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Histamine Receptor Directed Compounds --- p.115 / Chapter 4.1. --- Introduction --- p.116 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Histamine receptor subtypes --- p.116 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Histamine effects on the airways --- p.117 / Chapter 4.2. --- Signal transduction mechanisms --- p.118 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- H1-receptors --- p.118 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- H2-receptors --- p.119 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- H3-receptors --- p.120 / Chapter 4.3. --- Histamine receptors and mast cells --- p.120 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Effects of histamine agonists and antagonists on mast cells --- p.120 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Experimental aims --- p.122 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- Materials and methods --- p.123 / Chapter 4.4. --- Results --- p.123 / Chapter 4.4.1. --- Effects of the test compounds on the spontaneous histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.123 / Chapter 4.4.2. --- Effects of the test compounds on anti-IgE induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.125 / Chapter 4.4.3. --- Effects of the test compounds on compound 48/80 induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.126 / Chapter 4.4.4. --- Effects of the test compounds on anti-IgE and compound 48/80induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in calcium free buffer --- p.126 / Chapter 4.4.5. --- Effects of the test compounds on ionophore A23187 induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.127 / Chapter 4.4.6. --- "Effects of histamine antagonists on dimaprit, imetit and impromidine induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells" --- p.128 / Chapter 4.4.7. --- "Effects of anti-IgE, dimaprit and imetit on PGD2 production from rat peritoneal mast cells" --- p.128 / Chapter 4.4.8. --- "Effects of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) on dimaprit, imetit, compound 48/80 and anti-IgE induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells" --- p.129 / Chapter 4.4.9. --- "Effects of pertussis toxin on dimaprit, imetit, compound 48/80and anti-IgE induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells" --- p.129 / Chapter 4.4.10. --- "Effects of dimaprit, imetit, compound 48/80 and anti-IgE on the free intracellular calcium concentration of rat peritoneal mast cells" --- p.130 / Chapter 4.5. --- Discussion --- p.171 / Chapter 4.5.1. --- The possible existence of histamine receptors on rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.171 / Chapter 4.5.2. --- "Possible mechanism of action for the histamine releasing actions of dimaprit, imetit and impromidine on rat peritoneal mast cells" --- p.174 / Chapter 4.6. --- Conclusion --- p.181 / Chapter 4.7. --- Future studies --- p.182 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Cyclo-oxygenase Inhibitors --- p.184 / Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction --- p.185 / Chapter 5.1.1. --- Cyclo-oxygenase isozymes --- p.185 / Chapter 5.1.2. --- Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors and mast cells --- p.186 / Chapter 5.1.3. --- Experimental aims --- p.190 / Chapter 5.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.190 / Chapter 5.3. --- Results --- p.191 / Chapter 5.3.1. --- Effects of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors on immunologically and non-immunologically induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells - --- p.191 / Chapter 5.3.2. --- Effects of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors on immunologically and non-immunologically induced PGD2 production from rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.192 / Chapter 5.3.3. --- Effects of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors on immunologically and non-immunologically induced LTC4 production from rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.192 / Chapter 5.3.4. --- Effects of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors on immunologically and non-immunologically induced 45Ca uptake by rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.193 / Chapter 5.4. --- Discussion --- p.221 / Chapter 5.5. --- Summary and Conclusion --- p.225 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Immunosuppressive Drugs --- p.228 / Chapter 6.1. --- Introduction --- p.229 / Chapter 6.1.1. --- CsA and FK506 binding proteins --- p.230 / Chapter 6.1.2. --- Distribution of CyPA and FKBP12 --- p.231 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Mechanism of immunosuppression --- p.232 / Chapter 6.1.4. --- The role of calcineurin in IL-2 promoter induction --- p.233 / Chapter 6.2. --- Immunosuppressive agents and mast cells --- p.234 / Chapter 6.2.1. --- Introduction --- p.234 / Chapter 6.2.2. --- CsA and FK506 inhibit mast cell cytokine production --- p.235 / Chapter 6.2.3. --- "CsA mediated inhibition of mediator release from, and calcium uptake by mast cells and basophils" --- p.236 / Chapter 6.2.4. --- Inhibition of mediator release from mast cells and basophils by FK506 --- p.239 / Chapter 6.2.5. --- Aim of this study --- p.240 / Chapter 6.2.6. --- Materials and methods --- p.241 / Chapter 6.3. --- Results --- p.241 / Chapter 6.3.1. --- Effects of CsA and FK506 on immunologically and non-immunologically induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.241 / Chapter 6.3.2. --- Effects of CsA and FK506 on immunologically and non-immunologically induced PGD2 production from rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.242 / Chapter 6.3.3. --- Effects of CsA and FK506 on immunologically and non-immunologically induced 45Ca uptake by rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.243 / Chapter 6.4. --- Discussion --- p.254 / Chapter 6.4.1. --- "Effects of CsA on histamine release from, and 45Ca uptake by rat peritoneal mast cells, following immunological and non-immunological activation" --- p.254 / Chapter 6.4.2. --- Effects of CsA on PGD2 production from rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.256 / Chapter 6.4.3. --- "Effects of FK506 on histamine release from, and 45Ca uptake by rat peritoneal mast cells, following immunological and non-immunological activation" --- p.256 / Chapter 6.4.4. --- Effects of FK506 on immunological PGD2 production from rat peritoneal mast cells --- p.257 / Chapter 6.5. --- Summary --- p.257' / Chapter 6.6. --- Future work --- p.258 / References
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_321693 |
| Date | January 1996 |
| Contributors | Stenton, Grant Richardson., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Basic Medical Sciences. |
| Publisher | Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xii, 287 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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