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The use of antibiotics in the medical wards of a teaching hospital in Hong Kong.

Chong, Kam Lin. / Thesis submitted in: December 2002. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-174). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.viii / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xi / Chapter / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Literature review --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Prescribing patterns of antibiotics in hospital --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- Worldwide problem of misuse of antibiotics --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Misuse of antibiotics in developed countries --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- The United States of America --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- The United Kingdom --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Australia --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Canada --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Misuse of antibiotics in African countries --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Misuse of antibiotics in Asian countries --- p.30 / Chapter 3. --- Objectives --- p.37 / Chapter 4. --- Methods --- p.39 / Chapter 4.1 --- Subjects --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2 --- Data --- p.41 / Chapter 4.3 --- Definition of terms --- p.44 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Name of antibiotic --- p.44 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Antibiotic course and antibiotic therapy --- p.44 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Indications and types of antibiotic therapy --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Switch therapy --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Types of change --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Causes of change --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3.7 --- Clinical outcome of treatment --- p.53 / Chapter 4.3.8 --- Length of stay --- p.54 / Chapter 4.4 --- Determination of pattern of use --- p.54 / Chapter 4.5 --- Assessment of antibiotic therapies --- p.55 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Assessment of indication and choice of agent --- p.59 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Assessment of dosage --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Assessment of route of administration --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Assessment of duration of therapy --- p.62 / Chapter 4.6 --- Features of the guideline developed for the present study --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime are appropriate for treating serious infections --- p.72 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Cefuroxime is not a first line agent --- p.72 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication --- p.73 / Chapter 4.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.73 / Chapter 5. --- Results --- p.74 / Chapter 5.1 --- Antibiotic courses and patients --- p.74 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Inclusion and exclusion of antibiotic courses --- p.74 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Patient sex and age --- p.76 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Chronic disease/past medical history --- p.76 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Length of stay --- p.78 / Chapter 5.2 --- Pattern of use --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Indications and sites of infection --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Types of antibiotic therapy --- p.83 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Antibiotics prescribed in initial therapy --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Number of antibiotics in initial therapy --- p.87 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Prescribing pattern of antibiotics in initial therapy --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.5.1 --- Prescribing pattern of antibiotics in empirical treatment of lower respiratory tract infections --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.5.2 --- Prescribing pattern of antibiotics in empirical treatment of sepsis --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Types of change --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2.7 --- Causes of change --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2.8 --- The relationship between causes of change and types of change --- p.93 / Chapter 5.2.9 --- Antibiotics prescribed in switch therapy --- p.96 / Chapter 5.2.10 --- Number of antibiotics in switch therapy --- p.99 / Chapter 5.3 --- Appropriateness of antibiotic therapy --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Appropriateness of empirical therapies --- p.101 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Appropriateness of directed therapies --- p.102 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Appropriateness of prophylactic therapies --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Appropriateness of unclassified therapies --- p.104 / Chapter 5.4 --- Clinical outcomes of treatment --- p.105 / Chapter 6. --- Discussion --- p.106 / Chapter 6.1 --- Limitations --- p.106 / Chapter 6.2 --- Method --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Symptom improved and not responded --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Grand round --- p.111 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Susceptibility test result --- p.111 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.112 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Patients --- p.112 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Pattern of use --- p.113 / Chapter 6.3.2.1 --- Types of therapy --- p.113 / Chapter 6.3.2.2 --- Site of infection --- p.113 / Chapter 6.3.2.3 --- Prescribing pattern of antibiotics in initial therapy --- p.114 / Chapter 6.3.2.4 --- Relationship between types and causes of change --- p.115 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Appropriateness of antibiotic therapies --- p.117 / Chapter 6.3.3.1 --- Misuse of empirical therapy --- p.118 / INAPPROPRIATE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION --- p.118 / INAPPROPRIATE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN SEPSIS --- p.120 / MISUSE OF CEFUROXIME --- p.122 / MISUSE OF THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN --- p.127 / Chapter 6.3.3.2 --- Appropriate use of directed therapy --- p.129 / Chapter 6.3.3.3 --- Appropriate use of prophylactic therapy --- p.130 / Chapter 6.3.3.4 --- Excessive use of unclassified therapy --- p.131 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Clinical outcome of treatment --- p.133 / Chapter 6.4 --- Conclusion --- p.134 / Chapter 7. --- Summary --- p.136 / Chapter 8. --- Recommendations --- p.140 / APPENDICES --- p.143 / Chapter 1. --- Usual adult daily dose range of antibiotics --- p.144 / Chapter 2. --- Assessment of indications and choices of agent of initial therapies in an audit of 324 antibiotic courses in a medical ward --- p.146 / Chapter 3. --- Culture test results in an audit of use of antibiotics in a medical ward --- p.160 / Chapter 4. --- Generic to trade name conversion of antibiotics --- p.163 / REFERENCES --- p.165

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_324509
Date January 2003
ContributorsChong, Kam Lin., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Medical Sciences.
Source SetsThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
LanguageEnglish, Chinese
Detected LanguageEnglish
TypeText, bibliography
Formatprint, xii, 174 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
CoverageHong Kong, Hong Kong
RightsUse of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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