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Detection and significance of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (qnr) genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from bacteraemic patients in Hong Kong.

Lee, Ching Ching. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-103). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / 論文摘要 --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.x / List of Figures --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1. --- Quinolone Antimicrobial Agents --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Development --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Mode of action --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3.1. --- Target genes mutations --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3.2. --- Decreased intracellular quinolone accumulation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3.3. --- Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2. --- Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes (qnr) --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Discovery of qnrA genes --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Discovery of qnrS genes --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- Discovery of qnrB genes --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.4. --- Discovery of qnrC genes --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.5. --- Discovery of qnrD genes --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.6. --- Origins of qnr genes --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.7. --- Qnr proteins and mode of action --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.8. --- Epidemiology and quinolones resistance activity of qnr genes --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.9. --- Epidemiology of fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.10 --- Multidrug-resistant in extended-spectrum-B-lactamase- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3. --- Background of Study --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4. --- Objectives of Study --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials & Methods / Chapter 2.1. --- Study Design --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2. --- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Bacterial isolates --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Screening for ESBL and AmpC production by disk diffusion test --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3. --- "Detection of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS Genes by Multiplex PCR" --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Total DNA preparation --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- "Multiplex PCR assay for qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes detection" --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4. --- "Detection of TEM-, SHV-, CTX- and PMAmpC Type B-Lactamase Genes by PCR" --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5. --- PCR Assays for Further Genotypic Characterization Purpose --- p.32 / Chapter 2.5.1. --- PCR assay to amplify qnrB genes --- p.32 / Chapter 2.5.2. --- PCR assay to amplify qnrS genes --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5.3. --- "PCR assays for genotypic characterizations of the co-existed blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M and PMAmpC genes of all qnr-positive isolates" --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5.3.1. --- Genotypic characterizations of the co-existed bla-TEM and genes --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5.3.2. --- PCR assays to amplify the co-existed blaCTX_M genes --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5.3.3. --- PCR assay to amplify the co-existed PMAmpC genes --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5.4. --- Sequencing reaction --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.4.1. --- Purification of PCR product and sequence determination --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.4.2. --- Sequence analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 2.6. --- Collection of Clinical Data --- p.38 / Chapter 2.6.1. --- Demographics and clinical data --- p.38 / Chapter 2.6.2. --- Definitions --- p.38 / Chapter 2.6.3. --- Data analysis --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results / Chapter 3.1. --- Bacterial Isolates --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2. --- "Demographics, Medical History, Clinical Features and Clinical Outcomes of Patients" --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3. --- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4. --- Detection of qnr Genes --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- "Detection of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes by multiplex PCR" --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5. --- Detection of ESBLs --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5.1. --- Detection of TEM- and SHV-type ESBLs --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5.2. --- Detection of CTX-M- type ESBLs --- p.51 / Chapter 3.6. --- Detection of PMAmpC Genes --- p.52 / Chapter 3.6.1. --- Detection of PMAmpC genes --- p.52 / Chapter 3.7. --- "The Distribution of qnr and bla Genes for TEM, SHV, CTX-M and PMAmpC" --- p.53 / Chapter 3.8. --- The Characteristics of qnr Isolates --- p.54 / Chapter 3.8.1. --- Genotypes of qnrB and qnrS --- p.54 / Chapter 3.8.2. --- Antimicrobial susceptibility of qnr isolates --- p.58 / Chapter 3.9. --- "The Associations of qnr Genes with Other Bacterial Resistance Genotypes, and the Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients" --- p.62 / Chapter 3.9.1. --- "Univariate analysis of the associations of qnr genes with other bacterial resistance genotypes, and the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients" --- p.62 / Chapter 3.9.2. --- "Multivariate analysis of the associations of qnr genes with other bacterial resistance genotypes, and the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients" --- p.65 / Chapter 3.9.2.1. --- "Multivariate analysis of the associations of qnr genes with other bacterial resistance genotypes, and the clinical characteristics of patients" --- p.65 / Chapter 3.9.2.2. --- "Multivariate analysis of the associations of mortality with qnr genes, bacterial resistance genotypes and other clinical characteristics of patients" --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1. --- Prevalences and Susceptibility of ESBL and PMAmpC in Bacteraemic Enterobacteriaceae Isolates --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2. --- Epidemiology of Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance (qnr) Genes --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3. --- Genotypes of qnr-positive Isolates --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4. --- Antimicrobial Susceptibility of qnr-positive Isolates --- p.75 / Chapter 4.5. --- "The Associations of qnr Genes with Other Bacterial Resistance Genotypes, and the Clinical Characteristics of Patients" --- p.79 / Chapter 4.6. --- "The Associations of Mortality with qnr Genes, Bacterial Resistance Genotypes and Other Clinical Characteristics of Patients" --- p.80 / Chapter 4.7. --- Clinical Importance and Clinical Implications of qnr Genes --- p.82 / Chapter 4.8. --- Limitations of the Current Study --- p.85 / Chapter 4.9. --- Future Studies --- p.87 / Chapter 4.10. --- Conclusions --- p.89 / References --- p.90

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_327236
Date January 2010
ContributorsLee, Ching Ching., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Medical Sciences.
Source SetsThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
LanguageEnglish, Chinese
Detected LanguageEnglish
TypeText, bibliography
Formatprint, xi, 103 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
CoverageChina, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
RightsUse of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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