Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, or more commonly referred to as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder that affects more than 35 million Americans according to the CDC. T2DM has dueling factors which in combination cause the characteristic metabolic distress: a maladapted insulin response in insulin-sensitive tissues coupled with an altered or defective secretion of insulin by pancreatic β-cells. Insulin sensitivity and insulin release are essential for blood glucose regulation and overall glucose homeostasis, and thus, the mechanisms involved in insulin detection and release are strictly regulated and complex. Being such a complex disorder, management and treatment are often individualized from patient to patient. In addition, there are a wide variety of pharmacological agents used to treat T2DM including metformin, insulin secretagogues, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Often, pathological causes of T2DM like obesity, diet, and exercise are scrutinized and altered while developing a patient’s management plan. Up until recently, T2DM was viewed as a chronic metabolic condition with no cure. However, recent evidence shows that the use of metabolic surgeries, primarily the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGP) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) have been extremely effective procedures in helping patients achieve “normal” insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. Herein, the available literature detailing the mechanisms of rejuvenated glycemic control following a surgical intervention are reviewed as well as the current prevailing therapeutic modalities to treat T2DM.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bu.edu/oai:open.bu.edu:2144/47461 |
| Date | 03 November 2023 |
| Creators | Ventouris, Alexander |
| Contributors | Offner, Gwynneth D. |
| Source Sets | Boston University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis/Dissertation |
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