Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / Phytonematicides, mainly due to their allelopathic nature, might be highly phytotoxic to
crops protected against nematode damage. Phytotoxicity issues are compounded by
the fact that the efficacy of plant extracts on nematode suppression depended much on
their concentration and duration of exposure to the nematodes. Phytotoxicity could
result in low crop yield and/or even in the eventual death of the protected crops.
Concentrations that were suppressive to nematode numbers, but phytotoxic to the
tested crop would not be useful when applied as a post-planting phytonematicides. The
Mean Concentration Stimulation Point (MCSP) values were developed from the Curve fitting Allelochemical Response Dosage (CARD)computer based model to ensure that a
non-phytotoxic concentration was applied for each crop. The objective of this study was
to determine whether a series of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicide
concentrations would provide the MCSP for beetroot (Beta vulgaris) under greenhouse,
microplot and field conditions. The greenhouse treatments included 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and
32% for each phytonematicide. The microplot treatments were 0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4 and
12.8% concentrations, whereas in the field trial treatments were 0, 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, 19.2
and 38.4%. Under each condition, treatments of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL
phytonematicides were, in separate experiments arranged in a randomised complete
block design, with the greenhouse, microplot and field trials having 15, 10 and 9
replications, respectively. In the greenhouse, seedlings were raised in 20cm diameter
plastic pots, containing pasteurised river sand and commercial seedling growing
medium Hygromix® at 3:1 (v/v) ratio. Each seeding was inoculated with 5000 eggs and
second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita. Seedlings were irrigated with
chlorine free tapwater every other day using 250 ml/plant, with irrigation substituted by
the treatment once weekly. On the microplot, the procedures were as in the greenhouse
except that they growing mixture comprised pasteurised soil collected from the site. In
the field, seedlings were directly transplanted into the soil. At 56 days after inoculation,
in the greenhouse trial, the effects of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides
were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) on root galls, contributing 77 and 72% in total
treatment variation (TTV) of root galls, respectively. Relative to untreated control, the
respective products reduced root galls by 28-72% and 43-67%. Nemarioc-AL and
Nemafric-BL phytonematicides had MCSP values on beetroot of 18.1 and 6.4%,
respectively, with overall sensitivity values of 0 and 1, respectively.There was no
treatment effect on nematode since there was absence of nematode in untreated
control.Under microplottrials,Nemafric-BL phytonematicide had significant (P≤ 0.05)
effects on fresh root mass, dry root mass and root galls, contributing 20, 19 and 57% in
TTV of the three variables, with relative increases for fresh root mass and dry root mass
of 65-159% and 63-143%, respectively, whereas root galls were reduced by 82-100%.
Nemafric-BL phytonematicide had MCSP value on beetroot of 10.2%, with overall
sensitivity value of 4 units. There was no treatment effect on nematode since there was
absence of nematode in untreated control. In microplots, Nemarioc-AL phytonematicide
did not have significant effects on all plant variables. Under field conditions, the
treatments did not have significant effects on plant variables. In conclusion, results of
the current study suggested that under greenhouse and microplot conditions the MCSP
values of the phytonematicides ranged from 6.4 to 18.1%, with a wide range of overall
sensitivities of phytonematicides to the test of beetroot cultivar / National Research Foundation (NRF) and
Land Bank
Chair of Agriculture - University of Limpopo and the Agricultural Research Council Universities Collaboration Centre
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:ul/oai:ulspace.ul.ac.za:10386/4271 |
| Date | January 2017 |
| Creators | Mashitoa, Mamakgana Florence |
| Contributors | Mashela, P. W. |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | xv, 63 leaves |
| Relation |
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