Wong, Man Wing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-188). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.xi / List of Figures --- p.xiii / List of Plates --- p.xv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Definition of Rare earth elements --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Discovery of REEs --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Physical and chemical properties of REEs --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Abundance of REEs on earth --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Bastnasite --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Monazite --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Xenotime --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5 --- Reserves and resources --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- World reserves --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- REE resources in China --- p.18 / Chapter 1.6 --- Production and demand of REEs --- p.20 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Production and demand in US --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Production and export in China --- p.23 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Production in other countries --- p.24 / Chapter 1.7 --- Separation of REEs --- p.24 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Classical methods --- p.24 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Modern methods --- p.25 / Chapter 1.7.2.1 --- Ion exchange separation --- p.25 / Chapter 1.7.2.2 --- Solvent extraction --- p.25 / Chapter 1.8 --- Applications --- p.26 / Chapter 1.8.1 --- Alloys --- p.26 / Chapter 1.8.2 --- Permanent magnets --- p.28 / Chapter 1.8.3 --- Catalysts --- p.29 / Chapter 1.8.4 --- Glass additives --- p.30 / Chapter 1.8.5 --- Phosphors in television screens and similar fluorescent surfaces --- p.31 / Chapter 1.8.6 --- Fertilizers and feed additives --- p.32 / Chapter 1.9 --- REEs in the environment --- p.33 / Chapter 1.9.1 --- REEs in soil --- p.33 / Chapter 1.9.2 --- REEs in plants --- p.35 / Chapter 1.10 --- Overview of toxicological studies of REEs --- p.36 / Chapter 1.11 --- Current study --- p.38 / Chapter 1.11.1 --- Thesis outline --- p.3 8 / Chapter 1.11.2 --- Objectives --- p.38 / Chapter 1.11.3 --- Significance --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Phytotoxicity of rare earth elements / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Ecotoxicity of REEs --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Toxicity tests using higher plants --- p.43 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Advantages of seed germination and root elongation test --- p.44 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Selection of species --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Endpoint of test --- p.47 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Median effect estimates --- p.50 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- Objective --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Test species --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Test chemicals --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Range finding test --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Definitive test --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Statistical analyses --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Range finding test --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Definitive test --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Germination rate --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Root length --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Germination index --- p.58 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- The median effective concentration --- p.61 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Dose-response curves of REEs --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Relative toxicity of the four REEs --- p.63 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Mechanism of effect of REEs on seed growth --- p.67 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Comparison between different endpoints --- p.68 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Comparison between different species --- p.70 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Limitations and improvement --- p.71 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Methods of measuring root length --- p.72 / Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusions --- p.73 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Growth of tree seedlings in soil treated with rare earth elements / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Soil --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Tree seedlings --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- REEs --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Greenhouse experiment --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Soil analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.5.1 --- Initial properties --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.5.2 --- Post harvest analysis --- p.81 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Plant analysis --- p.83 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.83 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.84 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Growth --- p.84 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Height --- p.84 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Basal diameter --- p.87 / Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- Biomass --- p.89 / Chapter 3.3.1.4 --- Standing leaf number --- p.92 / Chapter 3.3.1.5 --- Chlorophyll fluorescence --- p.95 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Tissue contents --- p.97 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- REEs concentrations --- p.97 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Nitrogen concentrations --- p.99 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Phosphorus concentration --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.2.4 --- Mineral concentrations --- p.102 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Soil --- p.104 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Initial properties --- p.104 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- REEs concentrations --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations --- p.107 / Chapter 3.3.3.4 --- Mineral concentrations --- p.109 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.110 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Effects of REEs on growth --- p.110 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Mechanisms of the effect of REEs --- p.112 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Nutrient uptake --- p.114 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Soil nutrient contents --- p.116 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Comparison between REEs --- p.118 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Comparison between species --- p.121 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusions --- p.123 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Bioavailability and accumulation of rare earth elements / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.124 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.126 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Soil --- p.126 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Tree seedlings --- p.126 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Pot experiment --- p.127 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Chemical speciation of soil --- p.129 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.130 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.130 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Plant performance --- p.130 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Tissue contents of La --- p.144 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Soil --- p.144 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Soil final pH --- p.146 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Soil La contents --- p.146 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- "Association between pH, organic matter and La contents in soil and plant" --- p.149 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.151 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Growth performance of tree seedling on different soil conditions --- p.151 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Comparison between growth parameters --- p.152 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Speciation in soils --- p.154 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Bioavailability of REEs in soil --- p.155 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Factors affecting bioavailability of REEs --- p.158 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Distribution of REEs in plants --- p.162 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions --- p.165 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- General conclusions --- p.167 / Chapter 5.1 --- Summary of major findings --- p.167 / Chapter 5.2 --- Suggestions for further investigation --- p.171 / References --- p.173
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_326146 |
| Date | January 2007 |
| Contributors | Wong, Man Wing., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biology. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xv, 188 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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