The main objective of this study was to conduct a systematic investigation of the disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation in low-bromide and low- specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) waters and the control of DBP precursors by nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes in such waters. To this end, firstly, the effect of bromide ion on the formation and speciation of DBPs was investigated. In fractionated Alibeykö / y source water, increasing bromide concentrations in NOM fractions increased concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs) and adsorbable organic halides (AOX) and resulted in a shift toward the formation of brominated species. Secondly, the impacts of SUVA and differential UV spectroscopy (& / #916 / UV), which has been shown to correlate well with DBP formation has been elucidated in terms of DBP formation and speciation. Alibeykö / y and Karacaö / ren waters were fractionated employing various separation methods and it has been shown that SUVA did not correlate well with the formation and speciation of THMs and HAAs in tested low-SUVA waters. Similarly, no correlations were found among THMs/HAAs formations and & / #916 / UV. Finally, the NOM rejection performances of NF and UF membranes were investigated. NF and UF membranes (< / 2000 dalton) was found to be suitable for the removal NOM from surface waters having low SUVA and low bromide contents. While higher molecular weight (HMW) fraction was successfully rejected (> / 90%) by all membrane types, lower molecular weight (LMW) fraction could be removed with ranging efficiencies from 1.5 to 30%. NF membranes provided DOC, UV254 absorbance, THM, and HAA reductions up to 90%.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:METU/oai:etd.lib.metu.edu.tr:http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609489/index.pdf |
| Date | 01 May 2008 |
| Creators | Ates, Nuray |
| Contributors | Yetis, Ulku |
| Publisher | METU |
| Source Sets | Middle East Technical Univ. |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Ph.D. Thesis |
| Format | text/pdf |
| Rights | To liberate the content for public access |
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