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A randomized study of the effect of hormone replacement therapy on peripheral blood flow in surgically postmenopausal women.

Wan Din. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-175). / ABSTRACT --- p.1 / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.3 / LIST OF TABLES --- p.5 / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.7 / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.8 / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.9 / Chapter I.A. --- Menopause --- p.9 / Chapter I.A.1. --- Definition of the Menopause --- p.9 / Chapter I.A.2. --- Pathophysiology of Ovarian Failure --- p.10 / Chapter I.B. --- Effects of the Menopause --- p.13 / Chapter I B.1. --- Acute Effects --- p.13 / Chapter I.B.2. --- Medium Term Effects --- p.14 / Chapter I.B.3. --- Chronic Effects --- p.15 / Chapter I.B.3.a. --- Osteoporosis --- p.15 / Chapter I.B.3.b. --- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) --- p.17 / Chapter I.C. --- Management of the Menopause --- p.19 / Chapter I.C.1. --- Hormone Replacement Therapy --- p.21 / Chapter I.C.2. --- Oestrogens --- p.22 / Chapter I.C.2.a. --- Oral Oestrogens --- p.22 / Chapter I.C.3. --- Progestogens --- p.24 / Chapter I.C.3.a. --- Combined Oestrogen and Progestogen Therapy --- p.24 / Chapter I.C.4. --- Complications and Contraindications to Hormone Replacement Therapy --- p.26 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.34 / Chapter II.A. --- Atherosclerosis --- p.35 / Chapter II.B. --- Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease --- p.37 / Chapter II.B.1. --- Age and Sex --- p.38 / Chapter II.B.2. --- Age at Menopause --- p.38 / Chapter II.B.3. --- Family History --- p.38 / Chapter II.B.4. --- Serum Lipids --- p.39 / Chapter II.B.5. --- Blood Pressure --- p.39 / Chapter II.B.6. --- Smoking --- p.40 / Chapter II.B.7. --- Diabetes Mellitus --- p.40 / Chapter II.C. --- The Effect of the Menopause on Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease --- p.41 / Chapter II.C.1. --- The Effect of the Menopause on Lipids and Lipoproteins --- p.41 / Chapter II.C.2. --- The Effect of the Menopause on Glucose and Insulin Metabolism --- p.43 / Chapter II.C.3. --- The Effect of the Menopause on Coagulation --- p.44 / Chapter II.C.4. --- The Effect of the Menopause on the Arterial Wall --- p.45 / Chapter II.D. --- The Risk of Coronary Artery Disease After the Menopause --- p.46 / Chapter II.D.1. --- The Effect of the Menopause on Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) --- p.47 / Chapter II.E. --- The Effect of the Hormone Replacement Therapy on Coronary Artery Disease Risk --- p.49 / Chapter II.F. --- The Mechanism of Cardioprotection of Oestrogen --- p.63 / Chapter II.F.1. --- The Indirect Effect of the Hormone Replacement Therapy on the Cardiovascular System --- p.64 / Chapter II.F.1.a. --- The Effect on Lipids and Lipoproteins --- p.64 / Chapter II.F.1.b. --- The Effect on Coagulation and Fibrinolysis --- p.66 / Chapter II.F.1.c. --- The Effect on Insulin and Glucose Metabolism --- p.67 / Chapter II.F.2. --- The Direct Effects of the Hormone Replacement Therapy on the Cardiovascular System --- p.67 / Chapter II.F.2.a. --- The Effect of Oestrogen on Vascular Contractility --- p.68 / Chapter II.F.2.b. --- The Effect of Oestrogen on Endothelial Dysfunction --- p.69 / Chapter II.F.2.C. --- Other Possible Direct Actions of Oestrogen --- p.72 / Chapter II.G. --- The Effects of Oestrogen on Blood Flow --- p.73 / Chapter III. --- RESEARCH PLAN --- p.78 / Chapter III.A. --- Formation of Research Hypothesis --- p.78 / Chapter III B. --- Research Hypothesis --- p.80 / Chapter III.C. --- Plan of Studies --- p.81 / Chapter III.C.1. --- Pilot Study --- p.81 / Chapter III.C.2. --- Randomized Controlled Study --- p.81 / Chapter IV. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.84 / Chapter IV.A. --- Pilot Study --- p.84 / Chapter IV.B. --- Study Population --- p.87 / Chapter IV.B.1. --- Recruitment of Cases --- p.88 / Chapter IV.B.1.a. --- Patients' Consent --- p.88 / Chapter IV.B.1.b. --- Method of Recruitment --- p.88 / Chapter IV.B.1.e. --- Research Methodology --- p.89 / Chapter IV.C. --- Ethical Considerations --- p.90 / Chapter IV.D. --- Samples Size Calculation --- p.92 / Chapter IV.E. --- Statistical Analysis --- p.93 / Chapter IV.F. --- Physical Principles of the Measurement of Peripheral Resistance --- p.94 / Chapter IV.F.1. --- The Arterial Analogue Waveform --- p.97 / Chapter IV.F.2. --- Peak Systolic Velocity --- p.98 / Chapter IV.G. --- Measurement of Pulsatility Index --- p.100 / Chapter IV.G.1. --- Establishment of Methodologies Used to Measure Peripheral Blood Flow --- p.105 / Chapter IV.G.2. --- Training of the Investigator --- p.107 / Chapter IV.H. --- Assay for Serum Oestradiol --- p.108 / Chapter IV.H.1. --- Principles --- p.108 / Chapter IV.H.2. --- Reagents --- p.109 / Chapter IV.H.3. --- Sample Dilution --- p.111 / Chapter IV.H.4. --- Calibration --- p.112 / Chapter IV.H.5. --- Quality Control --- p.112 / Chapter IV.H.6. --- Assay Validation --- p.113 / Chapter V. --- RESULTS --- p.115 / Chapter V.A. --- Pilot Study --- p.115 / Chapter V.B. --- Study Population --- p.118 / Chapter V.B.1. --- Characteristics of the Patients at Recruitment --- p.120 / Chapter V.B.2. --- Doppler Measurements --- p.123 / Chapter V.B.3. --- Pulsatility Index and Serum Oestradiol --- p.135 / Chapter VI. --- DISCUSSION --- p.137 / Chapter VI.A. --- Overview --- p.132 / Chapter VI.A.1. --- The Pilot Study --- p.133 / Chapter VI.B. --- Study Population --- p.136 / Chapter VI.C. --- Doppler Ultrasound as a Measurement of Vascular Resistance and Blood Flow --- p.142 / Chapter VI.C.1. --- Reliability of Doppler Study --- p.143 / Chapter VI.D. --- Pulsatility Index and Hormone Replacement Therapy --- p.146 / Chapter VI.E. --- Effects of Oestrogen on Pulsatility Index --- p.150 / Chapter VI.F. --- Conclusions --- p.152 / Chapter VI.G. --- Future Directions --- p.153 / REFERENCES --- p.155 / APPENDIX1 --- p.176

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_322024
Date January 1997
ContributorsWan, Din., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Surgical Sciences.
Source SetsThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
LanguageEnglish
Detected LanguageEnglish
TypeText, bibliography
Formatprint, 176 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
RightsUse of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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