Wong Yin-Mei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-135). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English version) --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iii / Publications --- p.v / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Table of contents --- p.viii / List of tables --- p.xi / List of figures --- p.xii / Abbreviations --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Osteoporosis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Consensus statement --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Epidemiology and outcomes --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Hip fractures --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Vertebral fractures --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Wrist fractures --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Postmenopausal osteoporosis --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Pathogenesis --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.3.1.1 --- Genetics --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.3.1.2 --- Bone remodeling --- p.14 / Chapter 1.1.3.1.3 --- Calcium homeostasis --- p.21 / Chapter 1.1.3.1.4 --- Life style 一 nutrition and exercise --- p.26 / Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Current pharmacological treatment --- p.27 / Chapter 1.1.3.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.27 / Chapter 1.1.3.2.2 --- Limitations --- p.31 / Chapter 1.2 --- Traditional Chinese medicine --- p.33 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The Kidney --- p.33 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Kidney-tonifying herbs --- p.33 / Chapter 1.3 --- Aim of the studies --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Materials and methods --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1 --- Kidney-tonifying herbs and herbal formula --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Sources --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Herbal extract preparation --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2 --- Animal study --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Reagents --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Animal care --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Herbs and herbal formula preparations for animal studies --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Experimental design --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Gene expression study --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Tissue preparation --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Isolation of total RNA --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.5.3 --- Complementary DNA synthesis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.5.4 --- Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3 --- Cell culture study --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Reagents --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Cell lines --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- "Rat osteosarcoma cell line, UMR-106" --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- "Human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7" --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Cell culture techniques --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Herbs preparations for cell culture --- p.51 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Cell viability assay --- p.51 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Cellular alkaline phosphatase activity assay --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Matrix mineralization assay --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Competitive estrogen receptor binding assay --- p.56 / Chapter 2.4 --- Statistical analyses --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1 --- Extraction yields of Kidney-tonifying herbs and herbal formula --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2 --- Effects of Kidney-tonifying herbs and herbal formula on the gene expressions of calcium absorption and reabsorption related genes --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Gene expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylasein the kidney --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Gene expression of vitamin D receptor in the duodenum --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Gene expression of calbindin D9K in the duodenum --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Gene expression of vitamin D receptor in the kidney --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Gene expression of calbindin D28K in the kidney --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effects of Kidney-tonifying herbs on osteoblastic UMR-106 cell line --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Effects of Kidney-tonifying herbs on the cell viability of UMR-106 cells --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effects of Kidney-tonifying herbs on the osteoblastic differentiation of UMR-106 cells --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Cellular alkaline phosphatase activity --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Degree of matrix mineralization --- p.80 / Chapter 3.4 --- Estrogen receptor binding activities of Kidney-tonifying herbs --- p.85 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.89 / Chapter 4.1 --- Safety of Kidney-tonifying herbs and herbal formula --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- Kidney-tonifying herbs and herbal formula preserve bone mineral density --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3 --- Kidney-tonifying herbs and herbal formula modulate calcium homeostasis --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Roles in renal synthesis of the hormonally active form of vitamin D: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3" --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Roles in calcium absorption in the duodenum --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Roles in calcium reabsorption in the kidney --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Summary --- p.104 / Chapter 4.4 --- Kidney-tonifying herbs modulate bone formation --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Effects on osteoblast proliferation --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effects on osteoblastic differentiation --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Summary --- p.108 / Chapter 4.5 --- Kidney-tonifying herbs interact with estrogen receptor --- p.110 / Chapter 4.6 --- Active ingredients of Kidney-tonifying herbs --- p.111 / Chapter 4.7 --- Limitations of the present studies --- p.115 / Chapter 4.8 --- Conclusion and future prospect --- p.117 / References --- p.119
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_324961 |
| Date | January 2004 |
| Contributors | Wong, Yin-Mei., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Chinese Medicine. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xv, 135 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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