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Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A alimenta??o ? press?o seletiva b?sica de todas as formas de animais. Modelos em ecologia nutricional de primatas prev?em as consequ?ncias do consumo de alimentos preferidos e n?o preferidos no comportamento, fisiologia e morfologia dos animais. Ao mesmo tempo, modelos s?cio-ecol?gicos inferem o padr?o de organiza??o social a partir do tipo de competi??o alimentar enfrentada pelos animais. A defini??o de alimentos preferidos, e infer?ncias sobre a intensidade de competi??o e suas consequ?ncias comportamentais s?o informa??es valiosas para manejo de animais em fragmentos. Neste trabalho observamos o comportamento alimentar e posicionamento espacial de um grupo de mais de 100 macacos-prego galego (Sapajus flavius) que habitam um fragmento de Mata Atl?ntica, cercado por planta??es de cana-de-a??car. N?s comparamos o consumo de diferentes itens alimentares com sua disponibilidade mensal na regi?o para definirmos os alimentos preferidos e reserva, e contabilizamos as vocaliza??es de agress?o e a distancia inter-individual (?rea de m?nimo pol?gono convexo/n indiv?duos) para inferir a intensidade de competi??o alimentar vivenciada pelos animais. No ano estudado o tempo consumindo frutas correlacionou com a produtividade das frutas, indicando prefer?ncia por frutos. Os nossos dados indicam que as esp?cies Elaeis sp., Cecropia palmata, Inga spp. e Simarouba amara s?o os alimentos preferidos na dieta. Dispon?vel durante todo o ano e uniformemente distribu?da, a cana-de-a??car constituiu um item regular na dieta e foi caracterizado como alimento reserva est?vel para este grupo. Embora as frutas sejam itens alimentares preferenciais, a taxa de competi??o direta n?o se correlacionou com a sua produtividade, mantendo-se a ?ndices elevados durante todo o ano (2,45 eventos / hora). O ?ndice de distancia inter-individual correlacionou positivamente com a pluviometria indicando varia??o na competi??o indireta por alimentos. O n?mero de vizinhos das f?meas com filhotes foi menor quando a produtividade de frutos era baixa, indicando que elas est?o sofrendo alta competi??o indireta. Nossos dados indicam que esse grupo faz uso de cana-de-a??car como alimento reserva est?vel, o que evidencia a import?ncia da matriz circundante ao fragmento para a sobreviv?ncia desta esp?cie criticamente amea?ada de macaco-prego no Nordeste do Brasil. Uma lista preliminar de alimentos preferidos e importantes ? ofertada, e pode auxiliar na escolha de ?rvores para reflorestamento e corredores, e escolha de fragmentos a serem conservados e ?reas de soltura e transloca??o de animais. N?o verificamos aumento de competi??o direta durante o uso de alimentos preferidos, mas sim durante o uso de alimento reserva est?vel. Isso pode dever-se ao ambiente alterado, que resulta em alta competi??o alimentar durante todo o ano. Tanto a preferencia alimentar quanto as consequ?ncias s?cio-comportamentais da alta competi??o alimentar vivenciada pelos animais neste fragmento precisam ser acompanhadas ao longo dos anos para assegurar a sobreviv?ncia desta popula??o. / Feeding is the primary selective pressure in all forms of animals. Nutritional ecological
models predict consequences of preferred and non-preferred food consumption on
behavioural, physiological and morphological adaptations. At same time,
socioecological models infer socio-organizarion patterns based on feeding competition
faced by animals. A list of preferred foods, and inferences regarding the intensity of
feeding competition and its behavioural consequences are information of much
importance for management of populations in fragments. In this work we observed the
feeding behavior and spatial positioning of a group of more than 100 blond capuchin
monkeys (Sapajus flavius) that inhabit a fragment of Atlantic forest, surrounded by
sugarcane plantation. We compared the consumption of different food items with their
monthly availability in the area to define the preferred and fallback food items. We
recorded the vocalizations of aggression and the inter-individual distance (area of
Minimum Convex Polygon/n individuals) to infer the type of food competition
experienced by animals. In the year studied the fruit feeding time correlated with top
consumed fruit productivity, indicating preference for fruits. Our data indicate that the
species Elaeis sp., Cecropia palmata, Inga spp. and Simarouba amara are the preferred
food items in the diet. Available all year round and uniformly distributed, sugarcane
was a regular item in the diet and its was characterized as a staple fallback food for this
group. Although fruits are preferential food items, direct competition rate did not
correlate to fruit productivity in the area, maintaining the high rates throughout the year
(2.45 events/ hour). The inter-individual distance index positively correlated with rain
fall indicating scramble food competition. The number of neighbours of females
carrying infants was smaller when fruit productivity is low, indicating that females
carrying infants are suffering increased indirect competition. Our data indicates that
blond capuchins in this fragment make use of sugar cane as a staple fallback food,
which evidence the importance of sugar cane landscape for the survival of this critically
endangered capuchin species in fragmented habitats in Northeast Brazil. A preliminary
list of preferred and important foods is offered, and can assist in the choice of trees for
reforestation, better fragments to be preserved and areas of release and translocation of
animals. We did not observe an increase of contest competition while using preferred
foods, but when using staple FBF. This may be due the altered environment, which
results in high competition food throughout the year. Both the food preference as the
social and behavioral consequences of high food competition experienced by animals in
this fragment must be accompanied over the years to ensure the survival of this
population.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/20942 |
| Date | 14 August 2015 |
| Creators | Lins, Poliana Gabriele Alves de Souza |
| Contributors | 90501420444, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6566269393468726, Montenegro, M?nica Mafra Valen?a, 02170268421, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3635143350489345, Izar, Patricia, 15129358830, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5453327164161334, Ferreira, Renata Gon?alves |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM PSICOBIOLOGIA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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