by Chan Ping Tim Timothy. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-141). / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.I / ABSTRACT --- p.II / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.IV / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.VI / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- History of tea --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Botany and agriculture of tea --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Classification of tea --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Composition of tea --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5 --- Tea processing --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Manufacture of green tea --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Manufacture of black tea --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Manufacture of oolong tea --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6 --- Pharmacological effects of tea catechins --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Antioxidative activity --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Hypolipidemic activity --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Antimutagenic activity --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Anticarcinogenic activity --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6.5 --- Antibacterial activity --- p.16 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITIES OF TEA ETHANOL EXTRACTS AND GTC ON OXIDATION OF CANOLA OIL --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Lipid oxidation in food --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Phenolic antioxidants --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Major phenolic antioxidants used in food --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Mechanism of action of phenolic antioxidants --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- BHA and its safety --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.2.4 --- BHT and its safety --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Natural antioxidants --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2 --- Objectives --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3 --- Materials --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4 --- Methods --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- GTC extraction --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- "HPLC analysis of GTC," --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Isolation and purification of individual epicatechin isomers --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Ethanol extraction of tea --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Effect of tea ethanol extracts on oxygen consumption of canola --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Effect of GTC on oxygen consumption of canola oil --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Fatty acid analysis --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.8 --- Thermal loss of BHT --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.9 --- Thermal loss of GTC --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.10 --- Statistics --- p.35 / Chapter 2.5 --- Results --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Antioxidative activities of tea ethanol extracts --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- The yield and composition of GTC from jasmine tea --- p.51 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Antioxidative activity of GTC --- p.55 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Antioxidative activities of individual epicatechin isomers --- p.55 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Thermal loss of GTC --- p.60 / Chapter 2.6 --- Discussion --- p.62 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Contribution of catechins to the antioxidative effects of tea ethanol extracts --- p.62 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Antioxidaitve activities of different types of teas --- p.62 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Proposed mechanisms for the relative activity of epicatechin isomers --- p.63 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Loss of BHT via volatilization --- p.66 / Chapter 2.6.5 --- Potential of tea catechins as food antioxidants --- p.67 / Chapter 2.6.5.1 --- Safety of GTC --- p.67 / Chapter 2.6.5.2 --- Solubility of GTC --- p.68 / Chapter 2.6.5.3 --- Effects of GTC on food quality --- p.68 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF GTC AND EPICATECHIN ISOMERS ON IN VITRO CU2+-MEDIATED LDL OXIDATION --- p.70 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.70 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Mechanisms of LDL oxidation --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- Nature and sources of oxidants underlying LDL oxidation --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Structural changes of ox-LDL --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Biological effects of ox-LDL --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Antioxidants and atherosclerosis --- p.76 / Chapter 3.2 --- Objectives --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- LDL isolation --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- LDL oxidation --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) assay --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Lipid analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Statistics --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.82 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Protective effects of GTC against LDL oxidation --- p.82 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Varying protective effects of individual epicatechin isomers --- p.82 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Protective effects of GTC against oxidative degradation of PUFAs in LDL --- p.86 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.88 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Tea catechins as anti-atherogenic agents --- p.88 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Mechanisms of the protective effects of tea catechins against Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation --- p.88 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Relative antioxidative activities of epicatchin isomers --- p.89 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Absorption of tea catechins --- p.90 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Pro-oxidant activities of tea catechins --- p.91 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- HYPOLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF GTC --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- High serum cholesterol as a risk factor of CHD --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Serum TG and CHD --- p.94 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Hypolipidemic effect of tea --- p.95 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Hamster as an animal model of cholesterol metabolism --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2 --- Objectives --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Animals --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Experiment 1 --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Experiment 2 --- p.100 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Experiment 3 --- p.101 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- "Serum lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein determinations" --- p.101 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Lipid analysis of liver and carcass --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.7 --- Analysis of fecal lipid content --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.8 --- Determination of hepatic cholesterol content --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.9 --- Assay of fatty acid synthase activity --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3.10 --- Statistics --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Growth and food intake --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effects of different levels of dietary GTC on serum TG and cholesterol --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Time course study of the hypolipidemic effects of dietary GTC --- p.109 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Effects of GTWE on serum lipid and apolipoprotein profiles --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- "Effects of dietary GTC on hepatic TG, FFA and cholesterol contents" --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- "Effects of dietary GTC on carcass TG, FFA and cholesterol contents" --- p.118 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- Effects of dietary GTC on fatty acid synthase activity --- p.118 / Chapter 4.4.8 --- Effects of dietary GTC on fecal lipids content --- p.118 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.120 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Hypolipidemic effect of GTC --- p.120 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Effects of GTC on serum apolipoproteins --- p.120 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Implication of GTC intake in humans --- p.121 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Mechanisms for the hypolipidemic activity of GTC --- p.122 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- Reduction in hepatic TG and FFA contents in GTC-fed hamsters --- p.123 / Chapter 4.5.6 --- Suppression of body lipid accumulation by dietary GTC --- p.124 / Chapter 4.5.7 --- Mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic activity of GTC --- p.124 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.126 / REFERENCES --- p.129
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_322719 |
| Date | January 1997 |
| Contributors | Chan, Ping Tim Timothy., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biochemistry. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, ix, 141 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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