Thesis (M.A.) -- Stellenbosch University , 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary aim of this study was to establish the content and number of the fears expressed by
pre-school children in a low to middle class socio-economic area. In South Africa, a similar study
has only been undertaken in a high class socio-economic area (Martalas, 1999).
A further aim of this study was to establish whether there were differences in the fears expressed by
the participants and, if so, whether these differences correlate with specific biographical variables.
A predominantly qualitative method of data collection was used in this research. The data was
collected by conducting a semi-structured interview with the participants and obtaining drawings of
their fears. The sample included 50 pre-school children between the ages of 5 and 7 years attending
3 preschools in a low to middle class socio-economic area. The broad non-verbal intelligence
functioning of the participants were measured by the Goodenough-Harris-Draw-a-Man test
(Richter, Griesel en Wortley, 1989). The average non-verbal intelligence functioning of the
participants was low average according to the DAM norms.
The data was analysed quantitatively. The content and number of fears, as reported by the
selected group of pre-school children in the low to middle class socio-economic area, were
established and grouped into existing categories. Furthermore the relationship between the number
of expressed fears, with regard to content and number, and the three biographical variables, gender,
socio-economic status and parent report, was established. Accordingly, differences between and
correlations with biographical variables regarding race, parental marital positions, sibling structures,
education of parents, their working patterns and the fears reported by parents, as well as by the
participants were calculated quantitatively.
The method of combining a semi-structured interview with participants and drawings of their fears
proved to be successful, as none of the participants reported no fears.
The results of this research showed that the content of the fears was similar in many ways to that of
previous research results. Animal fears, at 57,24 % of all the fears expressed by the participants,
comprised by far the largest category of fears. The number of the expressed fears ranged from 1 to 10 per participant, and the average number of fears per participant was 2,9. This figure was lower
than the average number of fears found in previous South African research (Martalas, 1999).
Consistent with previous research, the current study showed that girls (63,45 %) had reported more
fears than boys (36,55 %). In the current study however, this difference was not statistically
significant. Some gender differences were statistically significant in that girls reported more fears
of wild animals than boys and boys reported more fears in the category "other" fears (for example a
fan, a brick, a bomb, an accident and videos) than girls. Although these results differ from South
African research by Martalas (1999) research, it is similar to most other research results.
Parents reported fewer fears than the participants and they also reported the category "medical",
which the participants did not mention. Parents also reported more fears for girls than for the boys.
The researcher concludes with some recommendations for further studies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van die onderhawige studie was om die inhoud en aantal vrese soos
uitgedruk deur voorskoolse kinders in 'n lae tot middel sosio-ekonomiese statusgebied
te bepaal. So 'n studie is in die verlede slegs in 'n hoë sosio-ekonomiese statusgebied
in Suid-Afrika gedoen (Martalas, 1999).
'n Newe-doelstelling van die onderhawige studie was om vas te stelof daar verskille
is tussen die vrese soos uitgedruk deur die deelnemers en, indien wel, of hierdie
verskille verband hou met sekere biografiese veranderlikes.
In die onderhawige navorsing is 'n oorwegend kwalitatiewe metode van datainsameling
gebruik. Die data is ingesamel deur gebruik te maak van 'n semigestruktureerde
onderhoud met die deelnemers, terwyl hulle terselfdertyd tekeninge
gemaak het van dit wat hulle vrees. Die teikengroep was 50 voorskoolse kinders
tussen die ouderdomme van 5 en 7 jaar wat drie kleuterskole in 'n lae tot middel sosioekonomiese
status gebied bygewoon het. Die deelnemers se benaderde nie-verbale
intellektuele funksionering is met behulp van die Goodenough-Harris-Draw-a-Man
toets (Richter, Griesel en Wortley, 1989) bepaal. Die deelnemers het In oorwegend
laag gemiddelde skaaltelling volgens die DAM norms (Harris, 1963) getoon.
Die data is kwantitatief geanaliseer. Die inhoud en aantal vrese, soos deur die
geselekteerde groep voorskoolse kinders in 'n lae tot middel sosio-ekonomiese
statusgebied gerapporteer, is bepaal. Dit is in samehang met veranderlikes naamlik
geslag, sosio-ekonomiese status en ouerrapportering gedoen. Die inhoud en aantal
vrese, soos deur die deelnemers gerapporteer, is daarna volgens bestaande kategorieë
ingedeel. Vervolgens is verskille tussen, en korrelasies met biografiese veranderlikes,
soos geslag, huwelikstatus, sibbestruktuur, opvoeding en werkpatroon van ouers,
ouerrapportering van vrese by hul kinders en die vrese wat die deelnemers
gerapporteer het, kwantitatief bepaal.
http://scholar.sun.ac.za/
IV
Die metode om gebruik te maak van 'n kombinasie van die teken van vrese en 'n semigestruktureerde
onderhoud met die deelnemers was suksesvol, aangesien daar geen
deelnemers was wat nie gerespondeer het nie.
Die resultate van die onderhawige navorsing het getoon dat die inhoud van die vrese
in baie opsigte ooreengestem het met die van ander navorsingsbevindings.
Gerapporteerde vrese vir diere, wat 57,24 % van al die genoemde vrese
verteenwoordig het, was by uitstek die grootste kategorie van vrese. Die aantal vrese
wat genoem is, het gestrek van 1 tot lOper deelnemer en die gemiddelde aantal vrese
per deelnemer was 2,9. Dit was egter minder as by vorige Suid-Afrikaanse navorsing
van dieselfde ouderdomsgroep volgens die navorsing van Martalas (1999).
In ooreenstemming met die meeste navorsingsresultate, het meisies In die
onderhawige studie meer vrese (63,45 %) as 'seuns (36,55 %) gerapporteer, hoewel
hierdie verskil nie statisties beduidend was nie. Sommige geslagverskille was
statisties beduidend in die sin dat meisies meer vrese vir wilde diere as seuns en seuns
meer in die kategorie "ander" vrese, soos byvoorbeeld vir 'n waaier, 'n baksteen,
bomme, om omgery te word en videos, as meisies gerapporteer het. Hoewel dit van
Martalas (1999) se navorsingsresultate verskil, is dit in ooreenstemming met die
meeste ander navorsingsbevindinge.
Ouers het minder vrese namens hulle kinders as die deelnemers self gerapporteer en
vrese is in die kategorie "medies" gerapporteer wat nie deur die deelnemers self
gerapporteer is nie. Ouers het ook meer vrese namens die meisies as namens die
seuns gerapporteer.
Enkele aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing word ten slotte gemaak.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/52448 |
| Date | 04 1900 |
| Creators | Keller, Suzaan R. |
| Contributors | Loxton, H., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Psychology. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | af_ZA |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 45 p. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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