本文採取道教文獻研究方法，以蔣叔輿（1162-1223）所撰的《無上黃籙大齋立成儀》為例子，探討南宋道教黃籙齋儀的發展與變革。 / 黃籙齋儀是具有久遠歷史發展之道教科儀，其儀式傳統可接源六朝道教科範。蔣叔輿承其師留用光（？-1206）的啟導，從六朝靈寶經典中編修齋儀，其中《金籙簡文》和《黃籙簡文》的科範更是蔣氏整理「古法」黃籙齋儀時最重要的參考；而內容則以懺謝為中心。 / 另一方面，在一個新科儀、新法術傳統出現之變革時代，南宋黃籙齋也不可避免地出現了一些新變革，其中最明顯是文書系統和薦拔度亡儀式的加入。 / 黃籙齋之文書系統，是一個涉及「文書」、「天上官署」、「印篆」、「法」、「籙」的龐大系統；這是吸收了世俗行政文書之應用，亦是道教科儀能區別於一般民間祭祀的重要特點。另各法派之文書系統、印篆運用、對行儀者法籙要求也各成一系，這亦是讓我們判別不同法派齋儀的重要依據。 / 此外，南宋黃籙齋晚上新增的度亡儀式，包括了破獄、召魂、沐浴、設斛、鍊度、傳戒環節，並會分正薦亡魂、普薦幽魂兩線並行，而且兩種薦度的重點也不一樣。對比「古法」黃籙齋儀，這些新儀式更著重採用行符、存想、唸呪的法術來薦拔度亡。然而通過對這些法術行持的分析，又會發展其源與六朝道教經科有不少聯繫。 / 南宋黃籙齋儀一方面延續了六朝靈寶黃籙齋儀懺謝的傳統，另一方面又能確保齋儀能從新法術中吸取養份，以更有效而全面地拔度亡魂。《無上黃籙大齋立成儀》的黃籙齋儀同時存在著新、古兩類儀式；這種試圖於新法術和舊傳統中以爭取平衡，只怕亦是南宋黃籙齋在儀式變革的一種體現。 / This thesis adopts the study of Daoist liturgical texts, based on Standardized Rituals of the Supreme Yellow Register Retreat (WushangHuanglu dazhai licheng yi 無上黃籙大齋立成儀) written by Jiang Shuyu 蔣叔輿 (1162-1223), to investigate the development and transformation of rituals of the Yellow Register Retreat (Huanglu zhai 黃籙齋). / The thesis attempts to demonstrate that rituals of the Huanglu zhai had a long historical Daoist ritual background. The rituals could be tracked back to the liturgies of Six Dynasties. Jiang Shuyu was inspired by his teacher Liu Yongguang 留用光 (?-1206) to compile the rituals of Retreat (zhai 齋) from Lingbao 靈寶 scriptures. Among the scriptures, Jinlu jinwen 金籙簡文 and Huanglu jinwen 黃籙簡文 were the most important references for Jiang to compile "old ways"(gufa 古法). The central idea of them is confession and apology (chanxie 懺謝). / It was an era with the transformation of new rites, the Huanglu zhai in Southern Song unavoidably brought in some reforms. The most obvious two examples were the application of the system of written-documents (wenshu 文書) and the ritual of salvation of souls (duwang 度亡). / The system of written-documents in the Huanglu zhai is enormous and it involved written-documents, supernal offices (guanshu 官署), stamps (yin 印), rites (fa 法) and register (lu 籙). It absorbed the administrative documents system. And it was a crucial differentiation between Daoist ritual and folk sacrifice. Different rites adopted different systems of written-documents, different use of seals and different requirements on the ritual master. These are important evidences for us to differentiate various traditions of the rituals of zhai. / Besides that, the Huanglu zhai of Southern Song introduced the ritual of salvation of souls at night, including breaking the hell, summoning the souls, bathing, feeding, refining and teaching the precepts. They were divided into two parallel lines, the salvation of the ancestors and the universal salvation of orphan souls, and their focus were different. Comparing to Lingbao "old ways", these new salvation of souls rituals valued more on sending talismans (fu 符), visualization (cunxiang 存想), and chanting incantations (nianzhou 唸呪). And through analyzing these practices, we discovered that the origin has many connections with the scriptures and liturgies of Six Dynasties. / The ritual of Huanglu zhai, on the one hand continued the practice of confession and apology of LingbaoHuanglu zhai ritual in Six Dynasties, on the other hand it ensured the ritual could absorb new elements from the new rites in order to save the souls effectively and thoroughly. The ritual of Huanglu zhai in WushangHuanglu dazhai licheng yi included both old and new rituals. It tried to strike a balance between the new practice and the old tradition. That also demonstrated the transformation of Huanglu zhai in the Southern Song Dynasties. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 梁斯韻. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-263). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Liang Siyun.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_1202910 |
| Date | January 2015 |
| Contributors | 梁斯韻 (author.), Lai, Chi Tim (thesis advisor.), Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Religious Studies. (degree granting institution.), Liang, Siyun (author.) |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | Chinese, English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography, text |
| Format | electronic resource, electronic resource, remote, 1 online resource (263 leaves) : illustrations, computer, online resource |
| Coverage | China, To 1500 |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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