<p>Sprovedena studija po prvi put izveštava o prisustvu patulina, sekundarnog metabolita određenih vrsta plesni, u proizvodima od jabuka, kao i proceni rizika usled unosa patulina od strane odojčadi, dece, adolescenata i odrasle populacije u Republici Srbiji. Ukupno 356 uzoraka sokova i kašica za odojčad i malu decu (48 i 66, redom), sokova za decu (mala pakovanja sa cevčicom, 100) i sokova u porodičnom pakovanju (142), sakupljeno je sa tržišta tokom tri godine i analizirano primenom tečne hromatografije sa ultraljubičastom detekcijom, metodom koja je predhodno validirana. Prisustvo patulina je detektovano u 44% i 17% uzoraka sokova i kašica za odojčad i malu decu, redom, u količinama nižim od zakonskog ograničenja od 10 μg/kg (maksimalno 8,3 i 7,7 μg/kg, redom). Udeo kontaminiranih uzoraka među sokovima za decu iznosio je 43%, sa najvišom koncentracijom patulina od 30,2 μg/kg ispod maksimalno dozvoljenog nivoa od 50 μg/kg. Patulin je detektovan u 51% sokova u porodičnom pakovanju, sa 0,7% uzoraka iznad zakonske granice od 50 μg/kg (prosečna koncentracija 4,3 μg/kg). Sokovi od jabuka su pokazali značajno viši udeo kontaminiranih uzoraka (74% u odnosu na 28%), kao i viši prosečni sadržaj patulina (6,4 u odnosu na 2,1 μg/kg) u poređenju sa sokovima od mešanog voća. Procena rizika usled unosa patulina od strane odojčadi, dece, adolescenata i odrasle populacije u Republici Srbiji, sprovedena primenom determinističkog i probabilističkog pristupa, uključujući rezultate biodostupnosti patulina, pokazala je da je odnos između procenjenog dnevnog unosa i toksikološke referentne doze za patulin od 0,4 μg/kg telesne mase, koji se označava kao “hazard quotient”, znatno ispod 1, što ukazuje na tolerantan nivo izloženosti i nepostojanje razloga za zabrinutost za zdravlje populacije. Dodatno, analiza ostataka pesticida i toksičnih metala potvrdila je bezbednost proizvoda od jabuka na tržištu. Međutim, identifikacija višestrukih ostataka pesticida je razlog za aktivan pristup i pažljivo planiranje i sprovođenje monitoringa bezbednosti hrane, posebno hrane za odojčad i malu decu, kao najosetljivije populacione grupe.</p> / <p>This study reports for the first time the occurrence of patulin, a secondary metabolite of certain fungi, in apple-based food, as well as risk assessment related to patulin intake by infants, children, adolescents and adults in Serbia. In total, 356 samples of infant fruit juices (48), infant purée (66), juices for children (small package with straw, 100), and juices in family package (142) were collected from the market over three years (2013–15) and analysed using validated method based on liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Patulin was found in 44% of infant juices and 17% of infant purée, with all values below the legal limit of 10 μg/kg (maximum 8.3 and 7.7 μg/kg, respectively). The proportion of contaminated samples among fruit juices for children was 43%, with the highest patulin concentration at 30.2 μg/kg, not exceeding the maximum allowed level of 50 μg/kg. Patulin was found in 51% of juices in family package, with 0.7% of the samples in excess of the legal limit of 50 μg/kg (mean 4.3 μg/kg). Apple juices showed significantly higher percentage of contaminated samples (74% versus 28%), as well as higher mean patulin content (6.4 versus 2.1 μg/kg) when compared with the multifruit ones. Risk assessment of patulin intake by Serbian infants, children, adolescents and adults, conducted by deterministic and probabilistic approaches and including the bioaccessibility results, revealed a ratio between exposure and toxicological reference dose for patulin of 0,4 μg/kg body weigth, called hazard quotients, well below 1, indicating a tolerable exposure level and no health concern. Furthermore, analysis of pesticide residues and toxic metals confirmed safety of apple products on the market. However, identification of multiple pesticide residues is a reason for an active attitude and carefully planned and conducted monitoring of food safety, expecialy in the case of food for infants and young children, as they are the most susceptible population group.</p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)107244 |
| Date | 13 July 2018 |
| Creators | Dimitrov Nina |
| Contributors | Torović Ljilja, Bijelović Sanja, Vuković Gorica, Beara Ivana, Hogervorst Jelena |
| Publisher | Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine at Novi Sad |
| Source Sets | University of Novi Sad |
| Language | Serbian |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | PhD thesis |
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