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Previous issue date: 2008-03-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Dermatobia hominis, the human botfly, has obligatory parasitic larval forms of the
subcutaneous tissue of domestic animals, wildlife and man, causing nodule myiasis. Its
importance for the cattle industry is related to the economic damages caused by those larvae.
The conventional chemical control has facing some problems such as the accelerated
development of resistance and residues in animal products. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the prevention of botfly myiasis through the use of phytotherapic neen and of the
moxidectin observing the capacity of interference in the evolution of parasite biology. For
later infestation, third instar larvae were collected and kept in BOD at temperature of 27 ?
1?C and 10% R.U for pupation. After 24 to 31 days, emerged adults were placed in cages with
Musca domestica and Chrysomya albiceps, used as a vector for oviposition of D. hominis.
The vector carrying eggs were captured and placed in BOD. After 4 to 6 days, first instar
larvae were maintained in BOD at 19? C, until host infestation. In the experimental lineation
was used 12 male cattle free of D. hominis natural infestation. The animals were previously
placed in screened stalls in the W.O. NEITZ Research Station at UFRRJ, receiving
concentrated feed, grass, and water. The cattle was distributed into three groups with four
animals and submitted to the treatments, being a control animal (treated with water pouredon),
two animals treated with commercial products A and B of neem oil (Azadirachta indica,
2000 ppm of the active principle Azadirachtin) applied as a pour-on (50 ml for animal), and
one animal treated with moxidectin 10% long action injected subcutaneously (1ml/100 kg) in
the back of the ear. Each animal was infested with 30 first instar larvae (L1) on days 03, 07,
14, and 21 after treatment. The outbreak of L1 was stimulated by thermal source and larvae
were transferred with a fine brush to a shaved region along the bovine back. The infestations
were mapped for monitoring every two days to evaluation of efficacy and residual effect of
treatments in accordance with the larval survival at different periods of infestation. With the
purpose of verify possible collateral effects, were accomplished clinical and laboratorial
examinations of the animals, before and 15 days after the treatments. Regarding efficacy, the
neem products applied as pour-on had statistical not significant effectiveness for inhibition of
larvae development. On the other hand, injectable moxidectin 10% showed 100% efficacy
until day 14 and although larvae penetration was not precluded, larvae development was
inhibited, but from day 21, did not inhibit the development of the penetrated larvae. The third
instar larvae that developed after the treatments were collected and kept in BOD for
observation of some biological parameters. It was observed that larvae from all treatments
showed regular pupation, emergence of morphologically normal flies and the presence of
viable postures. / Dermatobia hominis, a mosca do berne, possui formas larvais parasitas obrigat?rios do tecido
subcut?neo de animais dom?sticos, silvestres e do homem, provocando mi?ase nodular. Sua
import?ncia na bovinocultura relaciona-se aos preju?zos econ?micos determinados pelas
formas evolutivas larvais. No controle qu?mico convencional tem sido observado
desenvolvimento acelerado de resist?ncia e res?duos nos produtos animais. Os objetivos do
experimento foram avaliar a preven??o da dermatobiose atrav?s do uso do fitoter?pico nim e
da moxidectina, observando a capacidade de interfer?ncia na evolu??o da biologia parasit?ria.
Para a infesta??o, foram coletadas larvas de terceiro instar, que foram mantidas em estufa
B.O.D. ? temperatura de 27 ? 1?C e 70 ? 10% U.R para a pupa??o. Ap?s 24 a 31 dias, os
adultos que emergiram foram colocados em gaiolas com Musca domestica e Chrysomya
albiceps, vetores para oviposi??o de D. hominis. Os vetores portadores de ovos foram
capturados e acondicionados em estufa B.O.D. Ap?s 4 a 6 dias, as larvas de primeiro instar,
em eclos?o foram mantidas a 19?C, at? o momento da infesta??o. No delineamento
experimental utilizaram-se 12 bovinos machos, livres de infesta??o por D. hominis. Os
animais foram estabulados em baias teladas na Esta??o de Pesquisas Parasitol?gicas W.O.
NEITZ, da UFRRJ, recebendo ra??o concentrada, capim picado e ?gua ad libitum. Os bovinos
foram distribuidos em tr?s grupos com quatro animais e submetidos aos tratamentos, sendo
um animal controle (tratado com ?gua aplicada pour-on), dois animais tratados com produtos
comerciais A e B ? base de ?leo de nim (Azadirachta indica, concentra??o de 2000 ppm do
princ?pio ativo Azadirachtina) em aplica??o pour-on ao longo do dorso dos animais, dose de
50 ml por animal, e um tratado com moxidectina ? 10% Longa A??o, dose de 1ml/100 kg, em
inje??o subcut?nea na parte posterior da orelha. Cada animal foi infestado com 30 larvas L1
nos dias 03, 07, 14 e 21 ap?s os tratamentos. A eclos?o das L1 foi estimulada por fonte
t?rmica, e as mesmas colocadas com um pincel fino sobre a regi?o tricotomizada ao longo do
dorso. As infesta??es foram mapeadas para acompanhamento a cada dois dias para avalia??o
da efic?cia e tempo residual dos tratamentos de acordo com a sobreviv?ncia larval nos
diferentes per?odos de infesta??o. Com a finalidade de se verificar poss?veis efeitos colaterais
foram realizados exames cl?nico e laboratorial dos animais, antes e 15 dias ap?s os
tratamentos. N?o foram observados altera??o dos par?metros cl?nico-laboratoriais. Com
rela??o ? efic?cia, os produtos do Nim tiveram efic?cia estatisticamente n?o significativa na
forma de aplica??o pour-on, na inibi??o do desenvolvimento parasit?rio. A moxidectina ?
10% apresentou efic?cia de 100% at? o 14? dia, n?o impedindo a penetra??o da larva mas a
evolu??o parasit?ria, e a partir do 21? dia n?o inibiu o desenvolvimento das larvas penetradas.
As larvas L3 que se desenvolveram ap?s os tratamentos, foram coletadas e mantidas em
B.O.D para observa??o de alguns par?metros biol?gicos. Constatou-se que as larvas das L3
provenientes de todos tratamentos evoluiram para pupa??o, emerg?ncia de moscas
morfologicamente normais e presen?a de posturas vi?veis.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:tede/763 |
| Date | 04 March 2008 |
| Creators | Vilela, Joice Aparecida Rezende |
| Contributors | Sanavria, Argemiro, Barros, Antonio Thadeu Medeiros de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Curso de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Veterin?rias, UFRRJ, Brasil, Parasitologia Veterin?ria |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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