Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of phytase enzymes to liberate phosphorus and other phytate bound nutrients in monogastric
animal diets are becoming common practice and several commercial phytase enzymes are available
on the market. Phytase manufacturers supply nutritionists with matrix values for the specific phytase,
enabling nutritionists to effectively decrease the dietary concentrations of phosphorus and nutrients
during diet formulation. A 32 day experiment was conducted with 5120 broiler chicks fed diets
supplemented with different commercial phytase enzymes (1000 FYT or 1500 FYT HiPhos/kg diet,
1500 FYT Ronozyme/kg diet, 500 FTU Natuphos/kg diet or 500 FTU Phyzyme/kg diet) at levels
recommended by the manufacturers and with similar phosphorus equivalence. The nutrient content of
the diets supplemented with 500 FTU Natuphos, 500 FTU Phyzyme 1500 Ronozyme and 1000 FYT
HiPhos were reduced according to the matrix values of 1000 FYT/kg HiPhos, whilst the diet
supplemented with 1500 FYT HiPhos /kg diet was reduced according to the matrix values 1500 FYT
HiPhos. The objectives of this study were threefold: (i) to confirm the matrix value for a newly
developed phytase (HiPhos, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland), at two different inclusion
levels, using weight gain and bone parameters of broilers as response criteria; (ii) to compare
production and bone parameters of broilers reared on three different commercial phytases to broilers
reared on HiPhos (iii) to investigate the effect that supplementation of these four phytases has on
water intake, carcass characteristics, organ weights and gastrointestinal tract morphology of broilers.
The matrix values for 1500 FYT HiPhos were confirmed by using live weight gain as response criteria,
but results for bone parameters were insufficient in confirming the matrix values. The matrix values for
1000 FYT HiPhos were confirmed by the results for tibia weight and tibia strength, but results for
weight gain were insufficient to confirm the values. The matrix values for 1000 FYT HiPhos and 1500
FYT HiPhos could not be confirmed nor disproved, nevertheless results from the current trial proved
diets supplemented with HiPhos to be more economically viable when compared to the standard
commercial broiler diet. Total feed and water intake were not influenced by phytase supplementation. Production parameters (live weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, European production efficiency
factor and average daily gain) and bone parameters (tibia strength, fat free tibia weight, fat free tibia
ash and mineral content) did not differ between phytase treatments and therefore all the commercial
phytases were equally effective to the HiPhos phytase. Furthermore, results indicate that the
investigated phytases had no effect on internal organ weight or gastrointestinal tract morphology in
broilers. Overall the results obtained from the study indicate that the use of phytase as feed additive
has no negative effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics or bone parameters. No
major differences for the production and bone parameters were observed between broilers
supplemented with different phytases. Therefore the costs of these phytases can be the determining
factor when nutritionists decide which commercial phytase to use. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van fitase ensieme in die diëte van enkelmaagdiere om fitaat-gebonde fosfor en
voedingstowwe vry te stel, word al hoe meer algemeen in die bedryf en verskeie kommersiële fitase
ensieme is in die mark beskikbaar. Die ensiemvervaardigers verskaf die fitases se matryswaardes
aan voedingskundiges wat hul in staat stel om die fosfor- en nutrientvlakke in die dieet effektief te
verminder. ´n Studie met 5120 braaikuikens was vir 32 dae uitgevoer. Die braaikuiken diëte was met
verskillende kommersiële fitase ensieme (1000 FYT & 1500 FYT HiPhos/kg dieet, 1500 FYT
Ronozyme/kg dieet, 500 FTU Natuphos/kg dieet of 500 FTU Phyzyme/kg dieet) aangevul. Die
nutrientvlakke van die diëte wat met fitase aangevul was, was verminder volgens die matryswaardes
van 1000 FYT of 1500 FYT HiPhos fitase. Die doelstellings van hierdie studie was drievoudig: (i) om
die matryswaardes van ´n nuwe fitase (HiPhos, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland) by
twee verskillende insluitingsvlakke te bevestig deur massa toename en been parameters as reaksie
maatstawwe te gebruik (ii) om produksie- en been parameters van braaikuikens, wat een van drie
kommersiële fitase ensieme as voerbymiddel ontvang het, met dié van braaikuikens wat die nuwe
ensiem gevoer was te vergelyk (iii) om die effek wat fitase op water inname, karkaseienskappe,
orgaan massas en spysverteringskanaal morfologie het te bestudeer. Die matryswaardes vir 1500
FYT HiPhos was bevestig deur lewendige massa toename as respons kriteria te gebruik, maar
resultate vir die been parameters was onvoldoende om die matryswaardes te bevestig. Die
matryswaardes vir 1000 FYT HiPhos was slegs bevestig deur die resultate vir die breeksterktes van
die tibias, maar resultate vir massa toename was onvoldoende om die matryswaardes te bevestig.
Dus kon die matryswaardes vir die HiPhos fitase nie bevestig of verkeerd bewys word nie. Desondanks het die resultate in die huidige proef bewys dat diëte wat met HiPhos aangevul was
meer ekonomies as die kommersiële braaikuiken dieet is. Totale voer- en water-inname was nie deur
die aanvulling van fitase beïnvloed nie. Produksie parameters (lewendige massa, voeromset, die
Europese produksie doeltreffendheids faktor, gemiddelde daaglikse toename) en been parameters
(tibia breeksterkte, vet vrye tibia massa, vet vrye tibia as en mineraal-inhoud) het nie verskil tussen
die fitase behandelings nie en dus was al die kommersiële fitases ewe effektief. Vanuit die studie is
getoon dat die gebruik van fitase as ´n voerbymiddels geen negatiewe effek op groei, karkas
eienskappe of been parameters het nie en dat fitase ook nie die orgaan gewigte of die
spysverteringskanaal morfologie van braaikuikens beïnvloed nie. Geen groot verskille in produksieen
been parameters was waargeneem tussen hoenders wat verskillende fitases as voerbymiddel
ontvang het nie, daarom kan die koste van die ensiem die bepalende faktor wees as voedingkundiges
die keuse maak tussen hierdie kommersiele fitases.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/86691 |
| Date | 04 1900 |
| Creators | Van Emmenes, Liesel |
| Contributors | Pieterse, E., Hoffman, L. C., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriScience. Dept. of Animal Sciences. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | x, 96 p. : ill. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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