Dimethylamine (DMA), in addition to the alkaloids hordenine
and gramine, has been suggested as a potential precursor of nitrosodimethylamine
(NDMA) in malt. Analytical procedures were adopted
and applied to extract and quantify DMA from malt, green malt,
malt roots and raw barley. Ground malt was extracted at room
temperature with 0.1 N HC1, and the extract was derivatized with
1% pentafluorobenzoyl chloride in benzene. After purification,
the derivatized DMA was quantitated by gas chromatography with a
thermionic N-specific detector. The method yielded a 96.3 per
cent recovery for DMA, and exhibited a linear relationship between
DMA concentration and GC peak height within a given range. The
identity of the DMA derivative was confirmed by mass spectrometry.
Commercial barley samples of 4 and 5-day germination of
Klages variety were analyzed. The mean value for the 4-day germination
Klages was 4.9, and for the 5-day, 11.7 μg/gm. The DMA
level of 5-day germination Klages were significantly higher than
the 4-day (P < 0.05).
Levels of DMA in samples at each stage of the malting process
were determined. DMA was found with a mean and range of 0.9 (0.6-
1.0); 0.6 (0.5-0.6); 11.6 (8.2-17.7); 513 (396-762); 5.9 (4.8-6.6);
and 607 μg/gm (.571-637 μg/gm) on a dry weight basis for, respectively,
raw barley, steeped barley, green malt, green malt roots,
kilned malt and kilned malt roots. It was found that roots contained
the highest levels of DMA. These results indicate that DMA
is biosynthetically formed during germination.
The nitrosation of 5 varieties of green and kilned malts
(Winter, Morex, Klages, Piroline and Steptoe) was carried out to
determine the significance of DMA as a precursor for NDMA. The
amount of NDMA from DMA was compared to the amounts of NDMA from
hordenine and gramine for each sample. In every sample the amount
of NDMA from DMA was larger than the combined amount of NDMA from
hordenine and gramine. The results strongly suggest that DMA is
the primary precursor of NDMA in malt. / Graduation date: 1985
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:ORGSU/oai:ir.library.oregonstate.edu:1957/27166 |
| Date | 28 June 1984 |
| Creators | Yoo, Lee-joung |
| Contributors | Scanlan, Richard A., 1937- |
| Source Sets | Oregon State University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis/Dissertation |
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