Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Acids are one of the major components that originate largely from the berry, that are found in
wine, and that influence the sensory perception. The presence of organic acids in adequate
concentrations in the grape berry, of which tartaric- and malic acid are the main organic acids
present, is important as this determines the potential of a must to produce a good and stable
wine.
The effect of temperature on the organic acid content of the must is widely discussed with
higher temperatures in general being associated with lower quantities of organic acids present
in the juice, and lower temperatures during ripening associated with higher quantities,
specifically in the case of malic acid.
Due to the topographical diversity of the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin district and the closeness
of the ocean and the occurrence of sea breezes, the mesoclimate differs greatly over short
distances. Sixteen sites, consisting of eight Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon sites
respectively, were selected from a broader terroir study site network. Three vintages with
complete climatic datasets were selected for vintage comparisons. Climate in the study area
was monitored on differing scales, and data from a weather station network, as well as from
mesoclimatic dataloggers within the sites were available.
The available data was firstly compared to determine the variability of the data, not only
between the two climatic scales, but also between the sites. Different climate classification
indices and parameters available in literature were thereafter compared and evaluated for the
best representation in this area. The Huglin index was found to be a better representation
regarding the thermal climatic indices. Due to the great differences between temperatures noted
for the mesoclimatic loggers and the nearest automatic weather station, the use of mesoclimatic
logger data was preferred, and is advised in future studies where this scale of data is available.
Malic and tartaric acid has a definite synthesis period up until véraison, after which the content
of tartaric acid remains constant in the berry and the content of malic acid decreases until
harvest due to mainly respiration. The temperature data was therefore separated in a synthesis
period from flowering to véraison, and a ripening period from véraison to harvest.
In this study, clear differences were firstly seen in the climate as expected, not only between
sites per vintage, but in addition between vintages and between vintages per site. The
phenological differences between the sites could be largely attributed to the differences in
temperature as phenology and temperature was found to be highly correlated in this study.
Differences in the ripening parameters were noticed in addition to the contents of the organic
acids between sites, although no definite contribution of temperature was shown to affect the
contents of these compounds at either véraison or harvest. These differences may be attributed
to other factors such as the soil water content and the canopy architecture. In addition, these
factors all contribute in differing percentages to the differences found in the contents per site.
It was found though that temperature can be used as an indicator of the organic acid content in
the grape berry, considering that the temperature data is available on a mesoclimatic scale,
separated in a synthesis and period of degradation, and the number of hours within the
temperature thresholds are determined. Differences seen in the organic acid contents can
however not only be attributed to the differences in topography and the temperature as
discussed in this study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sure is belangrike druifkomponente wat grootliks hul oorsprong in die korrel het, in die wyn
voorkom, en die sensoriese persepsie van die wyn beïnvloed. Die voorkoms van organiese
sure in genoegsame konsentrasies in die korrel, waarvan wynsteensuur en appelsuur die hoof
organiese sure is, is belangrik aangesien dit die potensiaal van die sap om ʼn goeie en stabiele
wyn te produseer, bepaal.
Hoe temperatuur die inhoud van organiese sure in die druiwesap affekteer is gereeld onder
bespreking, met hoër temperature in die algemeen geassosieer met ʼn laer inhoud van
organiese sure, terwyl laer temperature geassosieer word met ʼn hoër inhoud van organiese
sure in die sap, veral in die geval van appelsuur.
As gevolg van die topografiese diversiteit van die Stellenbosch Wyn van Oorsprong distrik,
asook die nabyheid van die oseaan met die gepaardgaande voorkoms van die seebries,
verander die mesoklimaat aansienlik oor klein afstande in hierdie area. Vir die studie was
sestien wingerde, wat bestaan het uit agt Sauvignon Blanc en agt Cabernet Sauvignon
wingerde, geselekteer vanuit ʼn groter terroir studie. Verder was drie seisoene, met volledige
klimaatsdatastelle, geselekteer vir die vergelyking van data tussen die seisoene.
Klimaat was op verskillende skale binne die studie area gemonitor en data van ʼn weerstasie
netwerk, sowel as van mesoklimaat dataversamelaars binne die wingerde, was beskikbaar. Die
beskikbare datastelle was vergelyk, asook geëvalueer, om die mees verteenwoordigende
datastel vir die area te bepaal. Met die oorweging van die termiese indekse was daar gevind dat
die Huglin indeks beter verteenwoordigend van die area was. Verder, as gevolg van die groot
verskille wat gevind is tussen die temperature gemeet met die mesoklimaat dataversamelaars
en die naaste outomatiese weerstasie, was daar besluit dat die gebruik van die mesoklimaat
data verkies is en is dit ook aan te beveel vir die gebruik in toekomstige navorsing indien die
tipe data beskikbaar is.
Wynsteen- en appelsuur het beide ʼn definitiewe sintese periode tot en met véraison, waarna die
hoeveelheid wynsteensuur in die korrel relatief konstant bly en die hoeveelheid appelsuur
afneem hoofsaaklik as gevolg van respirasie. Die temperatuur data was dus verdeel in ‘n
periode van sintese vanaf blom tot en met véraison, en ʼn rypwordingsperiode vanaf véraison tot
en met oes.
In hierdie studie was daar eerstens groot verskille waargeneem in die klimaat soos wat daar
verwag is. Hierdie verskille was nie net waargeneem as tussen die seisoene nie, maar ook
tussen die wingerde binne ʼn seisoen. Die fenologiese veskille tussen die wingerde wat ook
waargeneem is, kon hoofsaaklik aan die verskille in die temperatuur toegeskryf word en ʼn goeie
korrelasie tussen temperatuur en fenologie is opgemerk.
Merkwaardige verskille in die rypwordingsparameters, asook in die inhoud van die organiese
sure, was waargeneem, alhoewel die bydrae van temperatuur op die inhoud van hierdie
komponente by véraison of oes nie as definitief getoon is nie. Dit kan toegeskryf word aan die
bydrae van ander faktore, soos byvoorbeeld die grondwaterinhoud en die lowerargitektuur, op
die inhoud van hierdie komponente. Die addisionele faktore dra egter in verskillende
persentasies by tot die verskille waargeneem tussen die wingerde.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/85736 |
| Date | 12 1900 |
| Creators | Coetzee, Zelmari |
| Contributors | Strever, Albert Erasmus, Carey, Victoria Anne, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Viticulture and Oenology. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | English |
| Format | 138 p. : ill. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
Page generated in 0.0022 seconds