Lau, Ka Yee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-237). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iv / Acknowledgments --- p.vi / Publication List --- p.vii / Table of Contents --- p.viii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiv / List of Figures --- p.xvi / List of Tables --- p.xx / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Cancer --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Cancer in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Different types of cancer treatments and the side effects --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Alternative therapies for cancer treatment --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Successful examples of anti-cancer drugs from traditional Chinese herbs --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2 --- Anti-tumor study approaches --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Direct cytotoxic activities --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Immunomodulatory activities --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Anti-angiogenesis activities --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives of our study --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Background of selected Chinese herbs in our study / Chapter 2.1 --- Search for anti-tumor Chinese herbs --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Chinese herbs commonly used for cancer treatment --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Literature Search --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- Results --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Lists of Chinese herbs from various Chinese medicine practitioners --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Selected traditional Chinese herbs from literature search --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Selected Chinese herbs for our study --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3 --- Background information of the five selected Chinese herbs --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Fructus Bruceae (FB) --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Traditional uses --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Previous Studies of Fructus Bruceae --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- Isolated compounds of FB --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis (PA) --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Traditional uses --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Previous studies of Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Previous studies of Berberine --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Radix et Rhizoma Asteris (RA) --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Traditional uses --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Previous Studies of Radix et Rhizoma Asteris --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Semen Coicis (SC) --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.4.1 --- Traditional uses --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.4.2 --- Previous Studies of Semen Coicis --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Radix Scrophulariae (RS) --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.5.1 --- Traditional uses --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.5.2 --- Previous Studies of Radix Scrophulariae --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4 --- Authentication of selected Chinese herbs --- p.45 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Sources --- p.45 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Morphological characteristics of the Chinese herbs --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Fructus Bruceae --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis --- p.48 / Chapter 2.4.2.3 --- Radix et Rhizoma Asteris --- p.49 / Chapter 2.4.2.4 --- Semen Coicis --- p.50 / Chapter 2.4.2.5 --- Radix Scrophulariae --- p.51 / Chapter 2.5 --- Extraction of selected Chinese herbs --- p.52 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.52 / Chapter 2.5.1.1 --- Preparation of aqueous extracts of selected Chinese herbs --- p.52 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Results --- p.53 / Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- Percentage yield of aqueous extract of selected Chinese herbs --- p.53 / Chapter 2.6 --- Discussion --- p.54 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Direct cytotoxic effect of selected Chinese herbs / Chapter 3.1 --- Background --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Cell cultures --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Determination of cell viability by MTT assay --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Determination of cell proliferation by tritiated thymidine incorporation assay --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Preparation of etoposide for direct cytotoxic assay --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Cytotoxic effects of five selected Chinese herbs on a panel of human cancer cell lines and human normal cell line --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Comparison of the cytotoxic effect of etoposide and the selected Chinese herbal extracts on a panel of human tumor cells --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Further investigations of the anti-tumor effect of PA --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.3.1.1 --- Quantification of berberine chloride in PA aqueous extract using TLC --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.3.1.2 --- Determination of cell viability by MTT assay --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Results --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.1 --- Quantification of berberine chloride in PA aqueous extract using TLC --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.2 --- Cytotoxic effect of berberine on a panel of human cancer cell lines --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.80 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Immunomodulatory effects of selected Chinese herbs / Chapter 4.1 --- Background --- p.84 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Preparation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMCs) --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Determination of cell proliferation by tritiated thymidine incorporation assay --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Preparation of cell mitogens --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.89 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.89 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Mitogenic activities of the selected herbal extracts on huPBMCs --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4 --- Further investigations of the mitogenic activities of SC and RA extracts --- p.96 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.96 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Preparation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMCs) --- p.96 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- Determination of cell proliferation by tritiated thymidine incorporation assay --- p.96 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Results --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Mitogenic effects of SC and RA aqueous extracts (in the presence of polymyxin B) --- p.97 / Chapter 4.5 --- Chemical characterization of RA aqueous extract --- p.100 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.100 / Chapter 4.5.1.1 --- Quantification of polysaccharide and carbohydrate contents in RA aqueous extract --- p.100 / Chapter 4.5.1.2 --- Quantification of protein content in RA aqueous extract --- p.101 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Results --- p.103 / Chapter 4.5.2.1 --- Chemical characterization of RA aqueous extract --- p.103 / Chapter 4.6 --- Further investigations of the underlying mechanisms of the mitogenic activities of RA aqueous extract --- p.104 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.104 / Chapter 4.6.1.1 --- Preparation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMCs) --- p.104 / Chapter 4.6.1.2 --- Determination of cell proliferation by tritiated thymidine incorporation assay --- p.104 / Chapter 4.6.1.3 --- Human Thl/Th2 Cytokine Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) --- p.105 / Chapter 4.6.1.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.106 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Results --- p.106 / Chapter 4.6.2.1 --- Effects of RA aqueous extract on productions of cytokinesin huPBMCs --- p.106 / Chapter 4.7 --- Discussion --- p.108 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Anti-angiogenesis effects of selected Chinese herbs / Chapter 5.1 --- Background of in vivo zebrafish model --- p.112 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.117 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Maintenance of zebrafish --- p.117 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Collection of zebrafish embryos --- p.117 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Zebrafish embryos treated with different herbal extracts --- p.117 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Visual screens of zebrafish embryos using fluorescence microscopy --- p.118 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.118 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.120 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Anti-angiogenesis effect of SU5416 --- p.120 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Anti-angiogenesis effects of selected herbal extracts on zebrafish model --- p.122 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.133 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Further investigations on the anti-tumor effects of Fructus Bruceae and its sub-fractions / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.136 / Chapter 6.2 --- Solvent partition of FB aqueous extract --- p.138 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.138 / Chapter 6.2.1.1 --- Solvent partition --- p.138 / Chapter 6.2.1.2 --- Thin layer chromatography of FB fractions --- p.138 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Results --- p.139 / Chapter 6.2.2.1 --- Percentage yield of different fractions of FB aqueous extract --- p.139 / Chapter 6.2.2.2 --- Thin layer chromatography of FB fractions --- p.140 / Chapter 6.3 --- Investigations of the anti-tumor activities of FBW fraction --- p.141 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.141 / Chapter 6.3.1.1 --- Cell cultures --- p.141 / Chapter 6.3.1.2 --- Determination of cell viability by MTT assay --- p.141 / Chapter 6.3.1.3 --- Preparation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMCs) --- p.141 / Chapter 6.3.1.4 --- Determination of cell proliferation by tritiated thymidine incorporation assay --- p.141 / Chapter 6.3.1.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.141 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Results --- p.142 / Chapter 6.3.2.1 --- Cytotoxic effects of FBW on a panel of human cancer cells and human normal cells --- p.142 / Chapter 6.3.2.2 --- Mitogenic activities of FBW fraction on huPBMCs --- p.145 / Chapter 6.4 --- Chemical characterizations of FB aqueous extract and FBW fraction --- p.147 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.147 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Results --- p.147 / Chapter 6.5 --- Bioassay guided fractionation of FBW --- p.149 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Fractionation using macroporous resin column (D101) --- p.149 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Investigations of the anti-tumor effects of the sub-fractions of FBW --- p.151 / Chapter 6.5.2.1 --- Direct cytotoxic effects of FBW sub-fractions on NB-4 cells and human normal cells --- p.151 / Chapter 6.5.2.2 --- Immunomodulatory effects of FBW-DH sub-fraction --- p.154 / Chapter 6.5.3 --- Fractionation using ethanol precipitation --- p.155 / Chapter 6.5.3.1 --- Chemical characterization of sub-fractions of FBW-DH --- p.156 / Chapter 6.5.3.2 --- "Direct cytotoxic effects of 50P, 80P and 80S on NB-4 cells and human normal cells" --- p.159 / Chapter 6.5.3.2.1 --- DNA agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.163 / Chapter 6.5.3.2.2 --- Cell death detection ELISA --- p.166 / Chapter 6.5.3.2.3 --- ELISA of apoptotic related proteins --- p.168 / Chapter 6.5.3.2.4 --- Telomerase PCR ELISA --- p.176 / Chapter 6.5.3.3 --- "Immunomodulatory effects of 50P, 80P and 80S" --- p.178 / Chapter 6.5.3.3.1 --- Human Thl/Th2 cytokine cytometric bead array (CBA) --- p.180 / Chapter 6.5.3.3.2 --- Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay --- p.183 / Chapter 6.5.3.4 --- "Anti-angiogenic effects of 50P, 80P and 80S" --- p.184 / Chapter 6.5.3.5 --- Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis of 50P --- p.192 / Chapter 6.6 --- Discussion --- p.194 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- General discussions and conclusions / Chapter 7.1 --- Anti-tumor activities of five selected Chinese herbs --- p.202 / Chapter 7.2 --- Significance of the present study --- p.213 / Chapter 7.3 --- Limitations of our study --- p.214 / Chapter 7.4 --- Future work --- p.215 / Appendices / Appendix I Phenol-sulphuric acid spectrophotometric assay --- p.216 / Appendix II Bradford assay --- p.217 / Appendix III Calibration curves of cytokines in CBA assay --- p.218 / Appendix IV Endotoxin standard curve --- p.220 / Appendix V LCMS data of two chemical markers of FB --- p.221 / Bibliography --- p.223
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_326517 |
| Date | January 2008 |
| Contributors | Lau, Ka Yee., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Pharmacy. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xxi, 237 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Coverage | China, China |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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