Past research has demonstrated that emotions can accurately be communicated via touch (e.g., Hertenstein, Keltner, App, Bulleit, and Jaskolka, 2006). In stranger female dyads, physiological linkage plays a role in the mechanism whereby this successful communication occurs, as touch strengthens and lengthens linkage (Kissel, 2020). While touch has a direct impact on physiological processes, viewing touch may have similar effects. The current study explored this possibility in regard to physiological linkage. Hertenstein et al., 2006 demonstrated that participants can correctly decode emotions from observing videos of communication via touch to the forearm and hand. The current study replicated this finding with forty-seven female participants, while also determining the levels of physiological linkage between the "live" observers and the video-recorded participants from Kissel (2020) using dynamic linear time series modeling. Results showed that physiological linkage can occur between "live" and recorded participants. Participants demonstrated longer linkage times with the initial dyad they viewed, but linkage with videoed communicators whose communications were correctly perceived by their fellow videoed receiver had a larger influence on emotion word, valence, intensity, and quadrant detection accuracy. Based on these results, physiological linkage may influence empathic accuracy in virtual settings. / Doctor of Philosophy / A common American English slang expression to state that you relate to someone on a deep personal level is "I feel you." This is a verbal expression of empathy, but what if empathy goes deeper than our thoughts or memories of similar experiences? What if our bodies experience the same emotion as the person with whom we are interacting? This is possible through the phenomenon of "physiological linkage." Physiological linkage occurs when physiological signals, such as heart rate, between interaction partners start to sync up—for example, when one person's heart rate speeds up, so does the heart rate of the person with whom they are interacting. The author's thesis study demonstrated that this linkage can occur when people communicate emotions solely through touch. But what happens if you are watching these emotion communications instead of experiencing them? The current study examined if physiological linkage occurs between people watching a video and the people emoting in the video. The results showed that linkage does occur while watching emotional touch interactions and that this can help the observer understand what these emotions are (even if the observer can see no faces and hear no voices). Touch has many health benefits, so the observation that watching recorded touch interactions can have a similar bodily effect has implications for increasing health and connectedness. This is particularly important given the limited face-to-face and touch interactions, as well as the increase in video call interactions, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:VTETD/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/110126 |
| Date | 20 May 2022 |
| Creators | Kissel, Heather Ann |
| Contributors | Psychology, Scarpa-Friedman, Bruce H., Diana, Rachel A., Scarpa-Friedman, Angela, Bell, Martha Ann |
| Publisher | Virginia Tech |
| Source Sets | Virginia Tech Theses and Dissertation |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Dissertation |
| Format | ETD, application/pdf, application/pdf, application/pdf |
| Rights | Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
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