In January 1982 marine cargo insurance was the subject of a very radical change on the London marine insurance market. The changes included the abandonment of the historical S. G. policy and institute clauses of 1963. The market introduced the new MAR policy and a new set of standard cargo clauses, designated A, B, and C. The new Institute Cargo Clauses were designed for use on an international basis and have been adopted in many foreign maritime insurance markets. Subsequent to their introduction they have attracted much attention and debate. The main aim of this research is to thoroughly examine, explain and evaluate all the provisions of the Institute Cargo Clauses, and to assess their success and points of weakness. As the clauses constitute the terms of the relevant contract of marine insurance they must be considered in the context of the Marine Insurance Act of 1906, and also the applicable law cases. The clauses have been investigated on the presumption that English law and practice applies. This thesis also includes a comparison with Jordanian law, with an ancillary section concerned with the placing of marine cargo cover in the Jordanian market where the Institute Cargo Clauses have been adopted, and with the relevant marine insurance provisions in the Jordan Maritime Commercial Law of 1972 also examined. The thesis comprises 11 chapters: except for the first three chapters all follow the structure of the clauses. In summary, the first chapter describes the basic features of the London market and defines its role as the overseer of insurance conditions. This is coupled with an overview of developments in the practical stages of placing cargo cover. The second chapter deals with features of the Jordanian insurance market and reviews the statutes governing its activities, including cargo cover, and the system adopted in placing insurance cover. The third chapter is a linking chapter which gives a brief account of the old system of marine cargo cover and discusses the reasons behind the radical changes in the London market in 1982. Chapter Four deals with the risks covered in the A, B, and C clauses respectively, particular attention being given to all risks cover as it is the most common form used in cargo insurance. Chapter Five analyses the exclusions in the Institute Cargo Clauses with special reference to the General Exclusions Clauses (cl . 4) and the War Exclusion Clause(cl 6) as these provide the most common intersection between `perils insured' and `perils excluded'. Chapter Six discusses the `Duration Clauses', with special consideration being given to the Transit Clause. `Deviation' and `Change of Voyage' are discussed and compared with the relevant statutory provisions in the M. I. A 1906. Chapter Seven deals with claims. Consideration, in particular, is given to the Insurable Interest and Constructive Total Loss clauses. Chapter Eight is devoted to evaluating the effect of inserting the `Benefit of Insurance' Clause in a carriage of goods by sea contract and the impact of the `Not to inure' Clause in marine cargo cover. Chapter Nine examines, in considerable depth, the minimising losses clauses, by discussing the impact of the `Duty of the Assured' Clause and the contradiction between the statutory sue and labour clause in section 78 and section 55 of the M. I. A of 1906. Chapter Ten is concerned with the ambit and the function of the Reasonable Dispatch clause. The last chapter is the conclusion. It is hoped that this work will contribute, with other works in the relevant field, towards a better understanding of underwriting marine cargo cover both in_ the London and the Jordanian markets, and that it may also prove of use and interest to Middle Eastern insurance practitioners and academics.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bl.uk/oai:ethos.bl.uk:267995 |
| Date | January 1998 |
| Creators | Ababneh, M. M. A. |
| Publisher | University of East Anglia |
| Source Sets | Ethos UK |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
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