<p>The kinetic and mechanistic features of a new series ofplatinum-thallium cyano compounds containing a direct andunsupported by ligands metal-metal bond have been studied insolution, using standard mixandmeasurespectrophotometric technique and stoppedflow method.These reactions are interpreted as oxidative addition of the cspecies to the square planar Pt(CN)<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>complex. Each of these processes was found to befirst-order in Pt(CN)<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, the corresponding TI<sup>III</sup>complex and a cyanide ion donating species whichacts as a catalyst. Both di- and trinuclear complexes werestudied, and the kinetically significant thallium complexes intheir formation and the catalytically active cyanide sourcesare as follows: [(CN)<sub>5</sub>PtTl(CN)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>: Tl(CN)<sub>4</sub><sup></sup>(alkaline region), Tl(CN)<sub>3</sub>(slightly acidic region) and CN<sup></sup>; [(CN)<sub>5</sub>PtTl(CN)]: Tl(CN)<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>and Tl(CN)<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>; [(CN)<sub>5</sub>PtTlPt(CN)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>: [(CN)<sub>5</sub>PtTl(CN)]and HCN. Appropriatemechanisms were postulated for the overall reactions in allcases, which include i) metalmetal bond formation stepand ii) coordination of an axial cyanide ion to the platinumcenter. Two experimentally indistinguishable kinetic modelswere proposed for the formation of the dinuclear complexeswhich are different in the sequence of the two steps. In thecase of the trinuclear complex, experimental evidence isavailable to exclude one of the alternative reaction paths, andit was proven that the metalmetal bond formation precedesthe axial cyanide coordination.</p><p>The cyanide ligands coordinated to TI<sup>III</sup>in the PtTl complexes could be replacedsuccessfully with aminopolycarboxylates e.g.: mimda<sup>2-</sup>, nta<sup>3-</sup>, edta<sup>4-</sup>. The [(CN)<sub>5</sub>PtTl(edta)]<sup>4-</sup>complex, with a direct metalmetal bond hasbeen prepared in solution by two different reactions: a)dissolution of [(CN)<sub>5</sub>PtTl](s) in an aqueous solution of edta, b)directly from Pt(CN)<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>and Tl(edta)(CN)<sup>2-</sup>. The decomposition reaction is greatlyaccelerated by cyanide and significantly inhibited by edta. Itproceeds through the [(CN)<sub>5</sub>PtTl(CN)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>intermediate. The formation of [(CN)<sub>5</sub>PtTl(edta)]<sup>4-</sup>can proceed via two different pathways dependingon the ratio of the cyanide to the edta ligand concentrations.Thedirect pathat excess of edta means theformation of intermediate[(CN)4Pt···Tl(CN)(edta)]<sup>4-</sup>, followed by a release of the cyanide from theTlcentre followed by coordination of a cyanide from thebulk to the Ptcentre of the intermediate. Theindirect pathdominates in the absence of extraedta and the formation of the PtTl bond occours betweenPt(CN)<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>and Tl(CN)4<sup></sup>.</p><p>Homoligand MTl(CN)<sub>4</sub>(M = Tl<sup>I</sup>, K, Na) and, for the first time, Tl(CN)<sub>3</sub>species have been synthesized in the solid stateand their structures solved by single crystal Xraydiffraction method. Interesting redox processes have been foundbetween TI<sup>III</sup>and CN<sup></sup>in nonaqueous solution and in Tl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CN<sup></sup>aqueous suspension. In the crystal structureof Tl(CN)<sub>3</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O, the thallium(III) ion has a trigonal bypiramidalcoordination geometry with three cyanides in the trigonalplane, while an oxygen atom of the water molecule and anitrogen atom from a cyanide ligand attached to a neighboringthallium complex, form a linear OTlN fragment.Cyanide ligand bridges thallium units forming an infinitezigzag chain structure. Among the thallium(III) tetracyanocompounds, the isostructural M[Tl(CN)<sub>4</sub>](M = Tl and K) and Na[Tl(CN)<sub>4</sub>]·3H<sub>2</sub>O crystallize in different crystal systems, but thethallium(III) ion has in all cases the same tetrahedralgeometry in the [Tl(CN)<sub>4</sub>]<sup></sup>unit.</p><p>Three adducts of mercury(II) (isoelectronic with TI<sup>III</sup>) (K<sub>2</sub>PtHg(CN)<sub>6</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O, Na<sub>2</sub>PdHg(CN)<sub>6</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O and K<sub>2</sub>NiHg(CN)<sub>6</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O) have been prepared from Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub>and square planar transition metal cyanides M<sup>II</sup>(CN)<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>and their structure have been studied by singlecrystal Xray diffraction, XPS and Raman spectroscopy inthe solid state. The structure of (K<sub>2</sub>PtHg(CN)<sub>6</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O consists of strictly linear one dimensional wireswith Pt<sup>II</sup>and Hg<sup>II</sup>centers located alternately, d<sub>HgPt</sub>= 3.460 Å. The structure of Na<sub>2</sub>PdHg(CN)<sub>6</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O and K<sub>2</sub>NiHg(CN)<sub>6</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O can be considered as double salts, the lack ofheterometallophilic interaction between both the Hg<sup>II</sup>and Pd<sup>II</sup>atoms, d<sub>HgPd</sub>= 4.92 Å, and Hg<sup>II</sup>and Ni<sup>II</sup>atoms, d<sub>NiPd</sub>= 4.60 Å, seems obvious. Electronbinding energy values of the metallic centers measured by XPSshow that there is no electron transfer between the metal ionsin all three adducts. In solution, experimental findingsclearly indicate the lack of metalmetal bond formation inall studied Hg<sup>II</sup>CN<sup>-</sup>M<sup>II</sup>(CN)4<sup>2-</sup>systems (M = Pt, Pd and Ni). It is in contrary tothe platinumthallium bonded cyanides.</p><p><b>KEYWORDS:</b>metalmetal bond, platinum, thallium,kinetics, mechanism, stopped flow, oxidative addition, cyanocomplexes, edta, redox reaction, metal cyanides, Xraydiffraction, Raman, NMR, mercury, palladium, nickel, onedimensional wire</p>
Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:UPSALLA/oai:DiVA.org:kth-3803 |
Date | January 2004 |
Creators | Nagy, Péter |
Publisher | KTH, Chemistry, Stockholm : Kemi |
Source Sets | DiVA Archive at Upsalla University |
Language | English |
Detected Language | English |
Type | Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary, text |
Relation | Trita-OOK, ; 1074 |
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