Vaccination plays a very important part in daily life. It is essential to get vaccinated at an
early age. The conventional parented method used is not always effective and not cost
efficient. It requires qualified personnel and sterile conditions for administration of the
vaccines.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chitosan, N-trimethyl chitosan
chloride (TMC) and Emzaloid™ particles on the local and systemic immune response of
mice after oral vaccination with Diphtheria toxoid (DT). The different formulations used
were chitosan microparticles (± 10 µm), chitosan nanoparticles (± 400 nm), TMC
microparticles (± 5 µm), Emzaloid microparticles (± 4 µm) and Emzaloid nanoparticles
(± 500 nm). All of these formulations proved to be very good delivery systems and can
entrap large amounts of the antigen.
Balb/c mice were used to determine the local and systemic immune response of these
formulations. The mice were vaccinated orally on three consecutive days in week 1 and
3 with 40 Lf DT per week with a total volume of 300 µl. Blood samples were taken from
the mice and analysed for a systemic immune response (IgG). The same mice were used
to determine the local immune response (IgA). Faeces were collected from each mouse
on day 1, 3, 4, 6, 14 and 20 for analysis. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) was used to determine IgG and IgA titers.
It can be concluded that chitosan nanoparticles was the only formulation with a higher
response than that of the currently used vaccine. Emzaloid nanoparticles showed no
significant difference in response when compared to the currently used vaccine. All the
other formulations showed a much smaller response than that of the conventional method
of vaccination. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:nwu/oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/633 |
| Date | January 2004 |
| Creators | Van der Westhuizen, Elaine |
| Publisher | North-West University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
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