<p> Razvojem testova inhibicije rasta na vrstama roda <em> Myriophyllum </em> ispitan je<br />potencijal vrsta <em>Myriophyllum aquaticum</em> (Vell.) Verd. i <em> Myriophyllum spicatum</em> L. u<br />ekološkoj proceni rizika od herbicida i kontrole kvaliteta sedimenta. Ispitana je<br />primenljivost kontaktnog testa toksičnosti sedimenta sa vrstom M. aquaticum u<br />retrospektivnoj proceni rizika sedimenta na uzorcima iz prirode – na sedimentu reka Tamiš, Krivaja i Jegrička. Testom toksičnosti sedimenta obogaćenog atrazinom,<br />analiziran je i potencijal kontaktnog testa u preventivnoj proceni rizika od hemikalija<br />koje pokazuju afinitet vezivanja za sediment. Testovima inhibicije rasta <em>M. aquaticum</em><br />i <em>M. spicatum </em> u voda-sediment sistemu ispitana je osetljivost i mogućnost primene<br />metode u preventivnoj proceni rizika od herbicida i regulatora rasta.<br /> Deo rezultata dobijenih u radu uključen je u završne izveštaje internacionalnih<br />testova interkalibracije metoda, a kao rezultat ovih aktivnosti usvojene su nove<br />standardne metode na ukorenjenim akvatičnim makrofitama ISO 16191/2013 i OECD 239/2014.<br /> Na osnovu istraživanja, zaključeno je da je kontaktni test toksičnosti<br />sedimenta jednostavan i lak za izvođenje, kao i da je vrsta<em> M. aquaticum</em> u jedno-komponentnom sistemu (sediment) adekvatan test model. Rastom kontrolnih biljaka, niskom varijabilnošću i visokom osetljivošću bioloških odgovora zadovoljen je kriterijum validnosti testa. Preporučeno je korišćenje dodatne kontrole u slučajevima kada postoje značajna odstupanja u strukturi između standardnog sintetičkog kontrolnog i testiranog prirodnog sedimenta. Kontaktnim testom toksičnosti sedimenta obogaćenog atrazinom pokazano je da se ovaj test može smatrati potencijalno dobrom metodom za proširenje ekološke procene rizika od hemikalija koje pokazuju afinitet vezivanja za sediment.<br /> Ispitivanjem potencijala testa inhibicije rasta vrsta roda <em> Myriophyllum</em> u voda-sediment sistemu utvrđeno je da su testovi izvodljivi u praksi, da pokazuju visoki stepen stabilnosti, statističku snagu i malu varijabilnost većine ispitivanih parametara rasta. Poređenjem testova sa vrstama <em> M. aquaticum</em> i <em> M. spicatum</em>, nije utvrđena značajna razlika u osetljivosti na odabrane herbicide. Osetljivost testova na vrstama roda <em>Myriophyllum</em> i standardnih Lemna testova je bila slična, osim u slučaju auksin simulatora gde su vrste roda <em>Myriophyllum</em> sp. bile osetljivije, što ukazuje na njihovu primenljivost u proceni rizika od pesticida specifičnog mehanizma toksičnog dejstva.<br /> Iako obe vrste roda <em>Myriophyllum</em> imaju prednosti i nedostatke kao test<br />organizmi, vrste se mogu smatrati reprezentativnim akvatičnim ukorenjenim<br />makrofitama i predstavljati adekvatne dopunske test vrste u višim nivoima ekološke<br />procene rizika od herbicida i regulatora rasta. Takođe, vrsta <em>M. aquaticum </em>je pogodna za testiranje u različitim test sistemima, a samim tim ima i veći potencijal primene u preventivnoj, ali i retrospektivnoj ekološkoj proceni rizika.</p> / <p>Growth inhibition tests on <em>Myriophyllum aquaticum</em> (Vell.) Verd. and <em>Myriophyllum spicatum</em> L. were conducted in order to assess their use in refined risk assessment of chemicals, as well as in sediment risk assessment. The applicability, stability and sensitivity of the <em> M. aquaticum </em>sediment contact test on natural sediments (from rivers Tamiš, Krivaja and Jegrička) was assessed for use in retrospective ecological risk assessment (ERA). The potential use of the spiked sediment contact test in risk assessment of sediment bound chemicals was also investigated. The sensitivity and applicability of the growth inhibition tests on <em> M. aquaticum</em> and <em>Myriophyllum </em>spicatum in a water-sediment system was assessed for potential use in prospective ERA of plant protection products.</p><p>A part of the results of this study was included in the final report of the two international ring tests, which resulted with new standardised methods with rooted macrophytes: ISO 16191/2013 i OECD 239/2014. Tests on <em>Myriophyllum</em> species were compared to standard Lemna tests. Test substances in <em>M. aquaticum</em> and <em>Lemna minor L</em>. tests were 3,5 dichlorphenol, atrazine, isoproturon, trifluralin, 2,4 D and dicamba, while substances used in <em> M. spicatum </em> tests were atrazine, isoproturon and 2,4 D.</p><p>The sediment contact test proved to be simple and robust, while <em>M. aquaticum</em> can be considered as an adequate test model in a one-compartment (sediment) test. The validity criteria regarding control plant growth and variability was met. The use of an additional control is suggested when testing of sediments with considerably different properties of the standard synthetic control is taking place. The spiked sediment contact tests with atrazine showed that the method could be applied in prospective risk assessment of sediment bound chemicals.</p><p>The water-sediment growth inhibition test with <em>Myriophyllum</em> species proved to be applicable in practice, with high stability, statistical power and low variability of the majority of the growth parameters.<em> M. aquaticum </em> and M. spicatum didn’t show major differences in sensitivity to tested substance. The sensitivity of <em>Myriophyllum</em> and Lemna tests was also similar, except to auxin simulators, where <em>Myriophyllum </em>species were considerably more sensitive, which makes them adequate candidates for use in risk assessment of chemicals with specific mode of action.</p><p>Even though both <em>Myriophyllum</em> species show advantages and disadvantages as test organisms, they can be regarded as representative rooted aquatic macrophyte species and additional test species in refined risk assessment of herbicides and growth regulators. Also, <em>M. aquaticum </em>can be tested in various test syytems, which makes this species applicable in prospective as well as retrospective ecological risk assessment.</p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)95450 |
| Date | 09 October 2015 |
| Creators | Tunić Tanja |
| Contributors | Teodorović Ivana, Pajević Slobodanka, Tubić Aleksandra, Brkić Dragica |
| Publisher | Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences at Novi Sad |
| Source Sets | University of Novi Sad |
| Language | Serbian |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | PhD thesis |
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