Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-27T13:09:11Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2017 - Marina Vasconcelos de Oliveira.pdf: 1221503 bytes, checksum: 9381f92942c7388888364c8566c8a781 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-27T13:09:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2017 - Marina Vasconcelos de Oliveira.pdf: 1221503 bytes, checksum: 9381f92942c7388888364c8566c8a781 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Tropical forests support a great vegetal diversity, in part, through an nutrient cycling initiated by the soil arthropod?s fauna, which facilitated the litter decomposers action, propitiating the release of stock nutrients to the soil. Therefore, studies about these fauna and what factors alter it are extremely important to understand the nutrient cycling process in tropical forests. Among epigeic fauna represents, the leaf-cutting ants are considered the Neotropical region dominant herbivores and studies relate their multiple effects on vegetable community and the soil . Nonetheless, there aren?t studies about leaf-cutting ants effects on other arthropods communities, including mirmecofauna. This study aim to investigate the nests effects of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) on a soil arthropod community. The study site was Reserva Ecol?gica de Guapia?u, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where we collected samples at ten A. sexdens nests in period of 2 February to 9 February 2016. Along a linear transect of 32 meters, we collected litter samples from 0,25 m? size at intervals of 8 meters from each nests? edge of A. sexdens, whereby we also measured the air and soil temperature, the light and the air relative humidity. We aim to verify if litter structure and microclimatic conditions alter arthropod community structure and if these effects can be mediated by A. sexdens nests. The hypothesis in question are: 1) Litter Hypothesis, whereby arthropod community structure would be influenced by litter and litter would be altered by A. sexdens; 2) Abiotic Factors Hypothesis, whereby arthropod community structure would be influenced by abiotic factors and these factors would be altered by A. sexdens and 3) Nest Hypothesis, whereby community alterations would happen through intrinsic factors to active nests presence and not explained by alterations in a litter and/or in abiotic factors measured. For the test of the first and the second hypothesis, we did simple regressions and next variance analysis, assessing the litter and abiotic factors effects on arthropod community parameters and if this effects can be mediated by A. sexdens. To test Nest Hypothesis, we did variance analysis and analysis of similarities, assessing direct effects of A. sexdens on other arthropods community. We collected 3074 arthropods, among them Acari and Collembola were the most abundant groups. In relation of the ants, we obtained 63 specimens, in 26 genera and 32 identified species. The Strumigenys genus was one of the most frequent genera and it detained the biggest richness among mirmecofauna predators.We didn?t detect A. sexdens effects on soil arthropod community around its nests. Studies that include sazonality and behavior comparison between different species of leaf-cutting ants can result in new knowledge about the interaction between these organisms and other arthropods / As florestas tropicais sustentam uma grande diversidade vegetal, em parte, devido ? ciclagem de nutrientes iniciada pela fauna de artr?podes do solo, que facilita a a??o dos decompositores da serrapilheira, propiciando a libera??o dos nutrientes estocados para o solo. Logo, estudos sobre essa fauna e que fatores a afetam s?o importantes para a compreens?o dos processos de ciclagem de nutrientes em florestas tropicais. Dentre os representantes da fauna epigeica, as formigas-cortadeiras s?o consideradas os herb?voros dominantes da regi?o Neotropical e estudos relatam seus m?ltiplos efeitos sobre a comunidade vegetal e o solo. Entretanto, n?o h? estudos sobre os efeitos das formigas-cortadeiras sobre a comunidade dos demais artr?podes. Este estudo visa investigar os efeitos dos ninhos de formigas-cortadeiras Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) sobre a comunidade de artr?podes do solo. A ?rea de estudo foi a Reserva Ecol?gica de Guapia?u, munic?pio de Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, na qual coletamos amostras em 10 ninhos de A. sexdens no per?odo de 2 a 9 de fevereiro de 2016. Ao longo de um transecto linear de 32 metros, coletamos amostras de serrapilheira de tamanho 0,25m? a intervalos de 8 metros a partir da borda de cada ninho de A. sexdens, nos quais tamb?m medimos as temperaturas do ar e do solo, a luz e a umidade relativa do ar. Objetivamos averiguar se a estrutura da serrapilheira e as condi??es microclim?ticas alteram a estrutura da comunidade de artr?podes e se esses efeitos podem ser mediados pelos ninhos de A. sexdens. As hip?teses em estudo s?o: 1) Hip?tese da Serrapilheira, na qual a estrutura da comunidade de artr?podes seria influenciada pela serrapilheira e a serrapilheira seria alterada por A. sexdens; 2) Hip?tese dos Fatores Abi?ticos, na qual a estrutura da comunidade de artr?podes seria influenciada pelos fatores abi?ticos locais e estes fatores seriam alterados por A. sexdens e 3) Hip?tese do Ninho, em que as altera??es na comunidade se dariam por fatores intr?nsecos ? presen?a dos ninhos ativos e n?o explicados por altera??es na serrapilheira e/ou nos fatores abi?ticos medidos. As duas primeiras hip?teses foram testadas atrav?s de regress?es lineares simples, seguidas de an?lises de vari?ncia, avaliando os efeitos da serrapilheira e dos fatores abi?ticos sobre os par?metros da comunidade de artr?podes e se esses efeitos podem ser mediados por A. sexdens. No teste da hip?tese do Ninho, fizemos an?lises de vari?ncia e an?lises de similaridade, avaliando os efeitos diretos de A. sexdens sobre a comunidade dos demais artr?podes. Coletamos 3074 artr?podes, dentre os quais Acari e Collembola foram os grupos mais abundantes. Em rela??o ?s formigas, obtivemos 63 morfoesp?cies, em 26 g?neros e 32 esp?cies identificadas. O g?nero Strumigenys foi um dos g?neros mais frequentes e deteve a maior riqueza dentre os predadores da mirmecofauna. N?o detectamos efeitos de A. sexdens sobre a comunidade de artr?podes do solo do seu entorno. Estudos que incluam a sazonalidade e que comparem o comportamento entre diferentes esp?cies de formigas-cortadeiras podem resultar em novos conhecimentos a respeito da intera??o desses organismos com os demais artr?podes
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1925 |
| Date | 13 February 2017 |
| Creators | Oliveira, Marina Vasconcelos de |
| Contributors | Queiroz, Jarbas Mar?al de, Correia, Maria Elizabeth Fernandes, Santangelo, Jayme Magalh?es, Rodrigues , Daniela |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Ambientais e Florestais, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Florestas |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | ANTWEB. Dispon?vel em http://www.antweb.org. Acesso em 25 de agosto de 2015. BADEJO, M. A. & AKINWOLE, P. O. Microenvironmental preferences of oribatid mite species on the floor of a tropical rainforest. Experimental and Aplied Acarology, v. 40, p. 145 ? 156, 2006. BANG, H. S., LEE, J-H., KWON, O. S., NA, Y. E., JANG, Y. S. & KIM, W. H. Effects of paracoprid dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on the growth of pasture herbage and on the underlying soil. Applied Soil Ecology, v. 29, p. 165 ? 171, 2005. BESTELMEYER, B. T., AGOSTI, D., ALONSO, L. E., BRAND?O, C. R. F., BROWN JR., W. L., DELABIE, J. H. C. & SILVESTRE, R. Field techniques for the study of ground-dwelling ants: an overview , description, and evaluation. In: AGOSTI, D., MAJER, J. D., ALONSO, L. E. & SCHULTZ, T. R. Ants: standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 2000. Cap. 9, p. 122 ? 144. BRAGA, R. F., KORASAKI, V., ANDRESEN, E. & LOUZADA, J. Dung beetle community and functions along habitat-disturbance gradient in the Amazon: A rapid assessment of ecological functions associated to biodiversity. Plos One, v. 8, p. 1 ? 12, 2013. BURGESS, N. D., PONDER, K. L. & GODDARD, J. Surface and leaf-litter arthropods in the coastal forest of Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology, v. 37, p. 355 ? 365, 1999. DECA?NS, T., JIM?NEZ, J. J., GIOIA, C., MEASEY, G. J. & LAVELLE, P. The values of soil animals for conservation biology. European Journal of Soil Biology, v. 42, p. S23 ? S38, 2006. DEL TORO, I., RIBBONS, R. R. & PELINI, S. L. The little things that run the world revisited: a review of ant-mediated ecosystem services and disservices (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News, v.17, p. 133 ? 146, 2012. DELABIE, J. H. C., FISHER, B. L., MAJER, J. D. & WRIGHT, I. W. Sampling effort and choice of methods. In: AGOST, D., MAJER, J. D., ALONSO, L. E. & SCHULTZ, T. R. Ants: standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity. Smithsonian Institution Press, 2000. Cap. 10, p. 145 ? 154. DELLA, T. M. C. & SOUZA, D. J. Import?ncia e hist?ria de vida das formigas-cortadeiras. In: DELLA, T. M. C. Formigas-cortadeiras: da bioecologia ao manejo. UFV, Vi?osa, 2011. Cap.1, p. 13 ? 26. DIDHAM, R. K. & SPRINGATE, N. D. Determinants of temporal variation in community structure. In: BASSET, Y., NOVOTNY, V., MILLER S. E. & KITCHING R. L. Arthropods of tropical forests: spatio-temporal dynamics and resource use in the canopy. Cambrigde University Press, New York, 2003. Cap. 4, p. 28 ? 39. DONOSO, D. A., JOHNSTON, M. K., CLAY, N. A. & KASPARI,M. Trees as templates for trophic structure of tropical litter arthropod fauna. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, v. 61, p. 45 ? 51, 2013. 19 DONOSO, D. A., JOHNSTON, M.K. & KASPARI,M. Trees as templates for tropical litter arthropod diversity. Oecologia, v. 164, p. 201 ? 211, 2010. ELO, R. A., PENTTINEN, R. & SORVARI, J. A comparative study of oribatid mite communities in red Wood ant Formica polyctena nests and surrounding soil in a Finnish oak forest. Insect Conservation and Diversity, v. 9, p. 210 ? 223, 2016. FARJI-BRENER, A. G. & ILLES, A. E. Do leaf-cutting ant nests make ?bottom-up? gaps in neotropical rain forest? : a critical review of the evidence. Ecological Letters, v.3, p. 219 ?227, 2000. FARJI-BRENER, A. G. Why are leaf-cutting ants more common in early secondary forests than in old-growth tropical forests? An evaluation of the palatable forage hypothesis. Oikos, v. 92, p. 169 ? 177, 2001. FITTKAU, E. J. & KLINGE, H. On biomass and trophic structure of the Central Amazonian rain forest ecosystem. Biotropica, v. 5, p. 2 ? 14, 1973. FOLGARAIT, P. J. Ant biodiversity and its relationship to ecosystem functioning: a review. Biodiversity and Conservation, v.7, p. 1221 ? 1244, 1998. FORTI, L. C., MOREIRA, A. A., ANDRADE, A. P. P., CASTELLANI, M. A. & CALDATO, N. Nidifica??o e arquitetura de ninhos de formigas-cortadeiras. In: DELLA, T. M. C. Formigas-cortadeiras: da bioecologia ao manejo. UFV, Vi?osa, 2011. Cap.6, p. 102 ? 121. GIBB, H. Experimental evidence for mediation of competition by habitat succession. Ecology, v. 92, p. 1871 ? 1878, 2011. GOTELLI, N. J. & ELLISON, A. M. Princ?pios de Estat?stica em Ecologia. ARTMED, Porto Alegre, 510 p., 2011. HEINIGER, C., BAROT, S., PONGE, J-F., SALMON, S., BOTTOM-DIVET, L., CARMIGNAC, D. & DUBS, F. Effect of habitat spatiotemporal structure on collembolan diversity. Pedobiologia, v. 57, p. 103 ? 117, 2014. HENEGHAN, L., COLEMAN, D. C., ZOU, X., CROSSLEY JR., D. A. & HAINES, B. L. Soil microarthropod community structure and litter decomposition dynamics: A study of tropical e temperate sites. Aplied Soil Ecology, v. 9, p. 33 ? 38, 1998. H?LLDOBLER, B. & WILSON, E. O. The Ants. Harvard University Press,USA, 732 p., 1990. HOPP, P. W., OTTERMANNS, R., CARON, E., MEYER, S. RO?-NICKOLL, M. Recovery of litter inhabiting beetle assemblages during forest regeneration in the Atlantic forest of Southern Brazil. Insect Conservation and Diversity, v. 3, p. 103 ? 113, 2010. ILLIG, J., SHATZ, H., SCHEU, S. & MARAUN, M. Decomposition and colonization by micro-arthropods of two litter types in a tropical montane rain forest in southern Ecuador. Journal of Tropical Ecology, v. 24, p. 157 ? 167, 2008. JONES, C. G., LAWTON, J. H., & SHACHAK, M. Organisms as Ecosystem Engineer. Oikos, v. 69, p. 373 ? 386, 1994. 20 LAVELLE, P. Faunal activities and soil processes: adaptative strategies that determine ecosystem function. Advances in Ecological Research, v. 21, p. 93 ? 132, 1997. LEAL, I. R., WIRTH, R. & TABARELLI, M. The multiple impacts of leaf-cutting ants and their novel ecological role in human-modified neotropical forests. Biotropica,v. 0, p. 1 ? 13, 2014. LU, J., TURKINGTON, R. & ZHOU, Z-Z. The effects of litter quantity and quality on soil nutrients and litter invertebrates in the understory of two forests in southern China. Plant Ecology, v. 217, p. 1415 ? 1428, 2016. LUCKY, A., TRAUTWEIN, M. D.,GU?NARD, B. S., WEISER, M. D. & DUNN, R. R. Tracing the rise of ants ? out of the ground. Plos One, v. 8, p. 1 ? 8, 2013. MEHRING, A. S., HATT, B. E., KRAIKITTIKUN, D., ORELO, B. D., RIPPY, M. A., GRANT, S. B., GONZALEZ, J. P., JIANG, S. C., AMBROSE, R. F. & LEVIN, L. A. Soil invertebrates in Australian rain gardens and their potencial roles in storage an processing of nitrogen. Ecological Engeneering, v. 97, p. 138 ? 143, 2016. MEYER, S. T., LEAL, I. R. & Wirth, R. Persisting hyper-abundance of leaf-cutting ants (Atta spp.) at the edge of an Old Atlantic forest fragment. Biotropica, v. 41, p. 711 ? 716, 2009. MEYER, S. T., LEAL, I. R., TABARELLI, M. & WIRTH, R. Ecosystem engineering by leaf-cutting ants: nests of Atta cephalotes drastically alter forest structure and microclimate. Ecological entomology, v. 36, p. 14 ? 24, 2010. MEYER, S. T., NEUBAUER, M., SAYER, E. J., LEAL, I. R., TABARELLI, M. & WIRTH, R. Leaf-cutting ants as ecosystem engineers: topsoil and litter perturbations around Atta cephalotes nests reduce nutrient availability. Ecological Entomology, v. 38, p. 497 ? 504, 2013. MILTON, Y. & KASPARI, M. Bottom-up and top-down regulation of decomposition in a tropical forest. Oecologia, v. 153, p. 163 ? 172, 2007. MOLOFSKY, J. & AUGSPURGER, C. K. The effect of leaf litter on early seedling establishment in tropical forest. Ecology, v. 73, p. 68-77, 1992. MORAIS, J. W., OLIVEIRA, V. S., DAMBROS, C. S., TAPIA-CORAL, S. C. & ACIOLI, A. N. S. Mesofauna do solo em diferentes sistemas de uso da terra no Alto Rio Solim?es, AM. Neotropical Entomology, v. 39, p. 145 ? 152, 2010. MOUTINHO, P., NEPSTAD, D.C. & DAVIDSON, E.A. Influence of leaf-cutting ant nests on secondary forest growth and soil properties in Amazonia. Ecology,v. 84, p. 1265 ? 1276, 2003. MYERS, N., MITTERMEIER, R. A., MITTERMEIER, C. G., FONSECA, G. A. & KENT, J. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, v. 403, p. 853 ? 858, 2000. ORGIAZZI, A., BARDGETT, R. D., BARRIOS, E., BEHAN-PELLETIER, V., BRIONES, M. J. I., CHOTTE, J-L., DE DEYN, G. B., EGGLETON, P., FIERER, N., FRASER, T., HEDLUND, K., JEFFERY, S., JONHNSON, N. C., JONES, A., KANDELER, E., KANEKO, N., LAVELLE, P., LEMANCEAU, P., MIKO, L., MONTANARELLA, L., 21 MOREIRA, F. M. S., RAMIREZ, K. S., SCHEU, S., SINGH, B. K., SIX, J., VANDER PUTTEN, W. H. & WALL, D. H. Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas. European Comission, Luxembourg, 176 p., 2016. OTTERMANNS, R., HOPP, P. W., GUSCHAL, M., SANTOS, G. P., MEYER, S. & RO?-NICKOLL, M. Causal relationship between leaf litter beetle communities and regeneration patterns of vegetation in the Atlantic rainforest of Southern Brazil (Mata Atl?ntica). Ecological Complexity, v. 8, p. 299 ? 309, 2011. PALACIOS-VARGAS, J. G., CASTA?O-MENESES, G., G?MEZ-ANAYA, J. A., MART?NEZ-YRIZAR, A., M?JIA-RECAMIER, B. E. & MART?NEZ-S?NCHEZ, J. Litter and soil arthropods diversity and density in a tropical dry Forest ecosystem in Western Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 16, p. 3703 ? 3717, 2007. RICO-GRAY, V. & OLIVEIRA, P. S. The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions. University of Chicago Press, London, 320 p., 2007. SAKCHOOWONG, W., HASIN, S., PACKEY, N., AMORNSAK, W.,V BUNYAVEJCHEWIN, S., KONGNOO, P. & BASSET, Y. Influence of leaf litter composition on ant assemblages in lowland tropical rainforest in Thailand. Asia Myrmecology, v. 7, p. 57 ? 71, 2015. SANCHES, L., VALENTINI, C. M. A., BIUDES, M. S. & NOGUEIRA, J. S. Din?mica sazonal da produ??o e decomposi??o da serrapilheira em floresta tropical de transi??o. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agr?cola e Ambiental, v. 13, p. 183 ? 189, 2009. SANDERS, D. & VAN VEEN, F.J.F. Ecosystem engineering and predation: the multi-trophic impact of two ant species. Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 80, p. 569 ? 576, 2011. SHULTZ, T.R. & BRADY, S.G. Major evolutionary transitions in ant agriculture. PNAS, v. 105, p. 5435 ? 5440, 2008. SILVA, P.S.D., BIEBER, A.G.D., CORR?A, M.M., & LEAL, I.R. Do leaf-litter attributes affect the richness of leaf-litter ants? Neotropical Entomology, v. 40, p. 542 ? 547, 2011. SILVA, R.R. & BRAND?O, C.R.F. Morphological patterns and community organization in leaf-litter ant assemblages. Ecological Monographs,v. 80, p. 107 ? 124, 2010. SORVARI, J., H?RK?NEN, S. K. & VESTERINEN, E. J. First record of an indoor pest sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) from wild outdoor wood ant nest. Entomologica Fennica,v. 23, p. 69 ? 71, 2012. STAAB, M., SCHULDT, A., ASSMANN, T. & KLEIN, A-M. Tree diversity promotes predator but not omnivore ants in a subtropical Chinese forest. Ecological Entomology, v. 39, p. 637 ? 647, 2014. STEPHAN, J.G., WIRTH, R., LEAL, I.R. & MEYER, S.T. Spatially heterogeneous nest-clearing behavior coincides with rain event in the leaf-cutting ant Atta cephalotes (L.) (Hymenoptera:Formicidade). Neotropical Entomology, v. 44, p. 123 ? 128, 2015. SUGUITURU, S. S., MORINI, M. S. C., FEITOSA, R. M. & SILVA, R.R. Formigas do Alto Tiet?. Canal 6, Bauru, ed.1, 458 p., 2015. TONHASCA JR., A. Ecologia e Hist?ria Natural da Mata Atl?ntica. Interci?ncia, Rio de Janeiro, 197 p., 2005. URBAS, P., ARA?JO JR., M. V., LEAL, I. R. & WIRTH, R. Cutting more from cut forest: edge effects on foraging and herbivory of leaf-cutting ants in Brazil. Biotropica, v. 80, p. 489 ? 495, 2007. VARGAS, A. B., MAYH?-NUNES, A. J., QUEIROZ, J. M., SOUZA, G. O. & RAMOS, E. F. Efeitos de fatores ambientais sobre a mirmecofauna em comunidades de restinga no Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Neotropical Entomology, v. 36, p. 28 ? 37, 2007. VELOSO, H. P., RANGEL FILHO, A. L. R. & LIMA, J. C. A. Classifica??o da vegeta??o brasileira, adaptada a um sistema universal. IBGE, Departamento de Recursos Naturais e Estudos Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, 124 p., 1991. WANG, J., TONG, X. & WU, D. The effect of latitudinal gradient on the species diversity of chinese litter-dwelling thrips. ZooKeys, v. 417, p. 9 ? 20, 2014. WIWATWITAYA, D. & TAKEDA, H. Seasonal changes in soil arthropod abundance in the dry evergreen forest of north-east Thailand, with special reference to collembolan communities. Ecological Research, v. 20, p. 59 ? 70, 2005. |
Page generated in 0.0117 seconds