<p>Svetska zdravstvena organizacija definiše kvalitet života kao percepciju pojedinca o sopstvenom položaju u životu u kontekstu kulture i sistema vrednosti u kojima živi kao i prema svojim ciljevima, očekivanjima, standardima i interesovanjima.<br />To je širok koncept koga čine: fizičko zdravlje pojedinca, psihološki status, materijalna nezavisnost, socijalni odnosi i njihovi odnosi prema značajnim karakteristikama spoljašnje sredine. Procenjuje se da preko bilion ljudi živi sa<br />nekim oblikom invaliditeta, što čini oko 15% svetske populacije. Prisustvo bilo kakvog telesnog invaliditeta kod osobe može značajno da utiče na njen psihofizički i socijalni razvoj. Procenjivanje uticaja fizičkog invaliditeta na svakodnevni život odslikava kakvo je funkcionisanje i blagostanje te osobe iz dana u dan i u različitim domenima života, što zapravo predstavlja procenu kvaliteta života. Istraživanje predstavlja studiju preseka na uzorku od 227 odraslih osoba sa motornim invaliditetom u Vojvodini, koji su članovi udruženja osoba sa invaliditetom. Kao instrument istraživanja korišćen je posebno kreiran upitnik za procenu kvaliteta života osoba sa invaliditetom. Osnovni cilj istraživanja je bio da se proceni kvalitet života osoba sa invaliditetom u odnosu na fizičko, socijalno i emocionalno funkcionisanje kod odraslih osoba sa motornim invaliditetom na teritoriji Vojvodine, kao i da se utvrdi postojanje razlike u kvalitetu života u odnosu na nivo obrazovanja, zaposlenost i bračno stanje. Podaci prikupljeni tokom ankete su kontrolisani na validnost, kodirani i unošeni u posebno kreiranu bazu podataka. Odabrana su pitanja i formirani domeni/skale (fizičkog, emocionalnog i socijalnog funkcionisanja i samoprocene zdravlja) na osnovu matrica korelacija, ICC i vrednosti Kronbah alfa. Aritmetička vrednost, mediana, standardna devijacija, minimalna i maksimalna vrednost i 95% interval poverenja su izračunate za svaki domen kvaliteta života. Dobijene vrednosti domena i sumarnih skala su komparirane u odnosu na pol i bračno stanje ispitanika, (t-test, Mann-Whitney test), a ANOVA metodom i Kruskal -Wallis testom je vršena komparacija srednjih vrednosti u odnosu na nivo obrazovanja i status zaposlenosti ispitanika. Za sve testove su navedeni nivoi statističke značajnosti (p vrednosti). Studija je uključila 227 osoba sa motornim invaliditetom u Vojvodini, 120 muškaraca (52,9%) i 107 žena (47,1%). Prosečna starost ispitanika je bila<br />47 godina. U najvećem broju slučajeva uzrok invaliditeta je povreda (33,0%),<br />zatim neurološko oboljenje (26,0%), urođena bolest (20,7%), teško reumatsko oboljenje (13,7%), cerebrovaskularni inzult (2,6%) i ostala stanja (4%). U pogledu ortopedskih pomagala, invalidska kolica koristi 30,4% ispitanika, štap 37, 0%, šetalicu 3,1%, aparat za podizanje stopala 3,5%, dok ostatak navodi ostalo (štake, antidekubitusni krevet...). Psihometrijska analiza je pokazala da je za definisanje domena fizičkog funkcionisanja bilo moguće uključiti 5 pitanja iz upitnika, za domen emocionalnog funkcionisanja 10 pitanja a za domen socijalnog funkcionisanja 3 pitanja. Skala za svaki domen se kretala u intervalu od 0 do 100. Set od 5 pitanja uključenih u skalu fizičkog funkcionisanja definisali su kapacitet fizičkih sposobnosti. Prosečna vrednost domena fizičkog funkcionisanja za sve ispitanike je iznosila 85, 0 (SD=18.9) sa 95% CI u rasponu od 82,6 do 87,5. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika za ovaj domen u odnosu na zaposlenost (p=0.067) dok u odnosu na nivo obrazovanja i bračno stanje nema statistički značajne razlike. Set od 10 pitanja uključenih u skalu emocionalnog funkcionisanja definisali su emocionalni status ispitanika. Prosečna vrednost domena emocionalnog funkcionisanja za sve ispitanike je iznosila 62,5 (SD=20,0) sa 95% CI u rasponu od 59,9 do 65,1. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika za ovaj domen u odnosu na nivo obrazovanja (p=0.048) dok u odnosu na zaposlenost i bračno stanje nemastatistički značajne razlike. Set od 3 pitanja uključenih u skalu socijalnog funkcionisanja definisali su kapacitet socijalnih aktivnosti. Prosečna vrednost domena socijalnog funkcionisanja za sve ispitanike je iznosila 72,0 (SD=27,6) sa 95% CI u rasponu od 68,4 do 75,6. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika za ovaj domen u odnosu na nivo obrazovanja (p=0.067) dok u odnosu na zaposlenost i bračno stanje nema statistički značajne razlike.</p> / <p>The World Health Organization defines quality of life (QoL) as “an individual's<br />perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems where they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It is a broad concept affected in a complex way by a person's physical health, psychological state, personal beliefs, social relationships and their relationship to salient features of their environment.”<br />Over a billion people are estimated to live with some form of disability. This corresponds to about 15% of the world's population. The presence of any sort of physical disability in person can significantly influence their physical,<br />mental and social development. The assessment of the effects of a disability on every day, life reflects on the functioning and wealth of a person on daily basis and in various segments of life, that actually represents the assessment of their quality of life. The research represents a cross-sectional study of the sample of 227 adults with motoric disability in Vojvodina, who are registered in associations of people with disability. Especially created questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical (PF), emotional (EF) and social functioning (SF) domain of QoL and education level, employment and having life partner of disabled persons.<br />The data collected during the survey were checked for validity, then coded and entered into a specially created database. Тhe questions were selected, four scales / domains (physical, emotional, social functioning and self assessment of health) were formed based on the correlation matrices, intercorrelation cofficient (ICC) and Crombach alpha values. Mean value, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values and 95% of confidence interval wаs calculated for all domain of QoL. The values obtained in the field of physical, emotional and social functioning were compared as per gender and marital status of the participants, using t-test, Mann-Whitney test, ANOVA method and Kruskal Wallis test were used to compare the mean values in respect to level of education and employment status of the respondents. For all the tests, the levels of statistical significance (p) were provided. The study involved 227 adults with motoric disability in Vojvodina, 120 men (52.9%) and 107 women (47.1%). Average age of the participants was 47 years of age. The cause of disability in the largest number of the interviewees were the injury (33.0%), then neurological conditions (26.0%), inborn condition (20.7%), serious rheumatic disease (13.7%), cerebrovascular insult (2.6%) and other (4%). As for the orthopedic tools, wheelchairs are used by 30.4% participants, stick 37.0%, walker is used by 3.1% and the orthoses for elevating feet 3.5%, whereas the rest of the interviewees state other (different orthopedic tools such as crutches, anti decubitus mattresses etc). Psychometric analysis showed that in order to define the domain on physical functioning from the questionnaire applied it was possible to include the 5 questions, for emotional functioning domain 10 questions and for domain on social functioning 3 questions. The sum of all selected questions for every domain forms the scale in the range from 0 to 100. The set of five questions stated for the scale of physical functioning indicate the capacity of physical functioning. The average value of PF domain for all the interviewees is 85.0 (SD=18.9) with 95% CI in the range of 82. 6 to 87.5. The difference in regard to employment status (p=0.067) is statistically significant but there is not satisticlly significant difference in regard level of education and marital status. The set of ten questions stated for the scale of emotional functioning. The average value of EF domain for all the interviewees is 62.5 (SD=20.0) with 95% CI in the range of 59.9 to 65.1. The difference in regard to level of education (p=0.048) is statistically significant but there is not satisticlly significant difference in regard to employment status and marital status. The set of three questions stated for the scale of social functioning indicate the capacity of social interaction. The average value of SF domain for all the interviewees is 72.0 (SD=27.6) with 95% CI in the range of 68.4 to 75.6. The difference in regard to the level of education is statistically significant (p< 0.001) but there is not satisticlly significant difference in regard to employment status and marital status.</p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)94840 |
| Date | 27 November 2015 |
| Creators | Šušnjević Sonja |
| Contributors | Ač-Nikolić Eržebet, Ukropina Snežana, Petrović Vladimir, Mijatović-Jovanović Vesna, Nićiforović-Šurković Olja, Grujić Vera |
| Publisher | Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine at Novi Sad |
| Source Sets | University of Novi Sad |
| Language | Serbian |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | PhD thesis |
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