Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 1994. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Research conducted by Albert Ellis (1978) revealed that individuals'
concepts of their own rational and irrational and/or dysfunctional
cognitions are important determinants of effective human functioning.
The presence of these cognitions within an individual can have several
consequences such as depression, neuroses and psychoses. It is clear
from the literature (Ellis, 1978; Dryden & Gordon, 1990; Lodder,
1993) that one of the causative factors in manifestations of emotional
instability is individuals' lack of knowledge about their psyches.
The general aim of this study is to develop a programme which lead to
positive human functioning, including self-acceptance and selfempowerment,
on the basis of a comprehensive study of the literature
on all possible coping skills (Lodder, 1993).
Several approaches were considered which could promote Self-insight,
namely rational-emotive therapy, transactional analysis and the use of
projective techniques. Each of these aspects was dealt with fully and
reasons are provided for the selection of rational-emotive therapy.
Rational-emotive therapy provides participants with the necessaryknowledge to identify and combat their own irrational and/or
dysfunctional cognitions.
Before Ellis's cognitive questionnaire could be used in the evaluation
process, the psychometric characteristics of the instrument had to be
determined first. A further aim is to adapt Ellis's cognitive
questionnaire according to scientifically recognized procedures to
measure human functioning on a rational -basis as a psychometrically
acceptable measuring instrument. A primary psychometric
requirement of a measuring instrument is that its items must be
sufficiently homogeneous to be able to regard them as criteria of a
single construct. Ellis's cognitive questionnaire (adapted)
demonstrated a particularly satisfactory internal consistency (alpha
coefficient = 0,89; N = 250).
With the help of a factor analysis Ellis's cognitive questionnaire
(adapted) was developed in such a way that the items in the subscales
were all relatively pure measurements of the isolated factors.
Furthermore, the results of the factor analysis produced five factors
which could be linked relatively clearly to the five postulated
dimensions of irrational cognition.
To ascertain whether participation in the programme by 90 female and
30 male administrative staff members did in fact lead to the envisaged
result, the Solomon four - group design was used to evaluate it.
Evaluation of the programme was undertaken on the basis of
Kirkpatrick's evaluation model by concentrating on the knowledge,
reaction and behavioural levels. A knowledge test was used to
measure knowledge, a reaction questionnaire was used for participantsreactions and Ellis's cognitive Questionnaire (adapted) for evaluation at
the behavioural level.
The most important findings of the investigation could be summed up
as follows:
• The experimental group acquired significantly more
knowledge about irrational cognitions than the control
group did.
• After the programme the experimental group made
significantly more use of cognitive restructuring as a
coping style than the control group did.
• The experimental group revealed considerably fewer
dysfunctional cognitions.
Certain shortcomings also emerged from this investigation.
Recommendations are made according to which these specific
shortcomings can be addressed in future research in this field. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:Albert Ellis se navorsing (1978) het aan die lig gebring dat individue se
begrip vir hulle onderskeie rasionele en irrasionele en/of disfunksionele
kognisies 'n belangrike determinant is van doeltreffende menslike
funksionering. Die aanwesigheid van hierdie kognisies binne 'n
individu kan verskeie gevolge he soos depressie, neuroses en
psigoses. Dit blyk uit die literatuur (Ellis, 1978; Dryden & Gordon,
1990; Lodder, 1993) dat een van die veroorsakende faktore van
manifestasie van emosionele onstabiliteit die gebrek is aan kennis van
individue rondom hulle psiges.
Die algemene doelstelling van die studie is om aan die hand van 'n
omvattende literatuurstudie van aile moontlike "helpende vaardighede"
\
(Lodder, 1993) 'n program te ontwikkel wat individue kan lei tot
positiewe menslike funksionering met in begrip van selfaanvaarding en
selfbemagtiging.
Verskillende benaderings wat gebruik kan word om Selfinsig te
bewerkstellig, naamlik Rasioneel-emotiewe terapie, Transaksionele
Analise en die gebruik van Projektiewe Tegnieke is oorweeg. Daar is volledig aandag gegee aan elk van hierdie aspekte en redes verstrek vir
die keuse van Rasioneel-emotiewe terapie. Rasioneel-emotiewe terapie
verskaf aan die deelnemers die nodige kennis en vaardighede om hulle en gedragsvlak te konsentreer. 'n Kennistoets is gebruik vir
kennismeting, 'n reaksievraelys vir deelnemerreaksies en Ellis se
Kognitiewe vraelys (aangepasl vir evaluering op gedragsvlak.
Die vernaamste bevindings van die ondersoek kan soos volg opgesom
word:
• Die eksperimentele groep het beduidend meer kennis en
insig oor rasionele kognisies opgedoen as die
kontrolegroep.
• Die eksperimentele groep het na die program beduidend
meer as die kontrolegroep van kognitiewe herstrukturering
as behartigingstyl gebruik gemaak.
• Die eksperimentele groep het beduidend minder
disfunksionele kognisies openbaar.
Sekere leemtes het uit hierdie ondersoek geblyk. Aanbevelings is aan
die hand gedoen waarvolgens hierdie sp~sifieke leemtes in toekomstige
navorsing op hierdie terrein oorbrug kan word.
eie irrasionele en/of disfunksionele kognisies te kan identifiseer en
betwis.
Alvorens Ellis' se Kognitiewe vraelys gebruik kon word in die
evalueringsproses moes die psigometriese eienskappe van die
instrument eers bepaal word. 'n Verdere doelstelling is om Ellis se
kognitiewe vraelys volgens wetenskaplik-erkende prosedures aan te
pas om as psigometriese aanvaarbare meetinstrument menslike
funksionering aan die hand van rasionaliteit te meet. 'n Primere
psigometriese vereiste vir 'n meetinstrument is dat sy items voldoende
homogeen moet wees om dit te kan beskou as 'n maatstaf van 'n
enkele konstruk. Ellis se Kognitiewe vraelys (aangepas) het 'n
besondere bevredigende interne bestendigheid gedemonstreer
(koeffisient alfa = 0,89; N = 250).
Ellis se Kognitiewe vraelys (aangepas) is met behulp van 'n
faktorontleding ontwikkel waarvan die items in die subskale almal
relatief suiwer metings van die geTsoleerde faktore is. Verder het die
faktoranalitiese resultate vyf faktore opgelewer wat redelik duidelik aan
die gepostuleerde vyf dimensies van irrasionele kognisies gekoppel kon
word.
Om te bepaal of die bywoning van die program, deur 90 vroulike en 30
manlike administratiewe personeel, wei tot die beoogde resultate
aanleiding gee, is die Solomon vier-groep ontwerp vir die evaluering
daarvan gebruik. Evalueririg van die program is aan die hand van
Kirkpatrick se evalueringsmodel gedoen deur op die kennis-, reaksie-
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/58367 |
| Date | 12 1900 |
| Creators | Oosthuizen, Riaan |
| Contributors | De Jager L. C., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | af_ZA |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 230 p. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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