Trans aconitic acid (TAA) is the predominant organic acid in cane leaf matter (CLM) juice. Its concentration is three to six times higher than the level found in sugarcane stalks. The variation of composition in terms of total fermentable sugars (TFS), anions, and cations of the LCP85-384 sugarcane variety during 2003-2006 seasons, as well as the ripener (Polado-L®) effect were analyzed.
TAA content ranged between 2.1-3.1 kg / t CLM. The TFS in CLM juice yielded a fermentation efficiency of 92%, four points lower than with sugar molasses.
Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-liquid extraction and ion exchange were evaluated for the recovery of TAA from CLM stillage. Tributyl phosphate -dodecane, ethyl acetate and butanol were evaluated for LLE. Maximum TAA extraction yield (92 g/100 g) was observed on acidification of CLM stillage to pH 2.0 with 50 % (v/v) sulfuric acid at an organic/aqueous phase ratio (OA) of 3.5 with butanol as extractant. Tributyl phosphate-dodecane had a similar extraction yield as butanol; however, in this mixed solvent formation of third phase was observed. Ethyl acetate had the lowest extraction yield. The purity of TAA extract in butanol was 32 g/100 g DS. Butanol extract was esterified with either sulfuric acid or a cation exchange resin as catalyst to yield tributyl aconitate (TBA). Resin efficiency was affected by the impurities. The overall yield using sulfuric acid was 84 %. TBA was decolorized with powder activated carbon. The attempts to esterify TAA from spray dried CLM stillage were unsuccessful. The highest conversion yield was only 2.5 %. Dowex Optipore SD-2, a non-ionic adsorbent, showed the best results among the resins and adsorbents evaluated.
TBA and two citrate esters were compared to di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) as plasticizers of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Thermal and mechanical properties were similar to those observed with DINP.
CLM and leaves together represent up to 50% of the total fiber of cane. An economic model estimated that processing whole sugarcane can be a profitable business if it is transported at distance of no more than 20 miles from the field to the mill.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LSU/oai:etd.lsu.edu:etd-11132007-235550 |
| Date | 15 November 2007 |
| Creators | Gil Zapata, Nicolas Javier |
| Contributors | Armando Corripio, Donal F. Day, Michael Saska, Benjamin Legendre, Ioan Negulescu, Steve Soper |
| Publisher | LSU |
| Source Sets | Louisiana State University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-11132007-235550/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached herein a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to LSU or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below and in appropriate University policies, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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