<p>Komparativnom analizom morfo-anatomskih i mikromorfoloških karakteristika lista, stabla, rizoma, korena, ploda i receptakuluma, kao i biohemijskom analizom etarskih ulja podzemnih organa, obuhvaćeno je ukupno 16 vrsta iz 4<br />roda, Inula (I. aschersoniana, I. bifrons, I. britannica, <em> I. conyza, I. ensifolia, I. germanica, I. helenium, I. oculus-christi, I. saslicina ssp. salicina, I. salicina ssp. aspera, I. spiraeifolia), Dittrichia (D. graveolens, D. viscosa), Limbarda (L.<br />crithmoides) i Pulicaria (P. dysenterica, P. vulgaris) iz</em> tribusa Inuleae, familije Compositae. Vrste iz različitih rodova analizirane u ovoj disertaciji ranijom klasifikacijom svrstavane su u okviru različitih sekcija roda Inula, a takođe i tipska vrsta ovog roda,<em> I. helenium L</em>., svrstavana je u okviru zasebne sekcije<em> Corvisartia.</em> Na osnovu najnovijih molekularnih filogenetskih analiza, baziranih na sekvencama plastidne i jedarne DNK, kao i na osnovu morfoloških i karioloških podataka, predloženo je da sekcija <em>Corvisartia </em> bude izdvojena u zaseban rod. Ciljevi ove<br />disertacije definisani su u skladu sa činjenicom da su podaci o morfo-anatomskoj, mikromorfološkoj i biohemijskoj građi vegetativnih i reproduktivnih organa vrsta ovog tribusa malobrojni i nepotpuni, dok su analize vršene parcijalno i<br />nezavisno kod pojedinih predstavnika, sa slabim akcentom na njihovu komparativnu analizu. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo veliki broj kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih karaktera koji su analizirani i mereni pomoću stereomikroskopa, svetlosnog, fluorescentnog i skening elektronskog mikroskopa. Dobijeni podaci statistički su obrađeni različitim metodama numeričke analize koje se inače<br />koriste pri taksonomskim istraživanjima. Ovakav tip analize za vrste rodova <em> Inula,</em> <em>Dittrichia, Limbarda i Pulicaria</em> nije zabeležen u dosadašnjoj literaturi.<br />Sprovedena analiza pokazala je da ni jedan vegetativni biljni organ pojedinačno ne pruža dovoljno informacija na osnovukojih bi se sa statističkom sigurnošću mogle izdvojiti određene grupe vrsta, niti rodovi prema postojećoj podeli. U okviru analiziranih anatomskih i mikromorfoloških karakteristika ploda i receptakuluma, organizacija sklerenhimskog tkiva u zrelom plodu i karakteristike receptakuluma predstavljaju karaktere koji su dijagnostički za rodove. Karakteri koji razdvajaju analizirane taksone jesu: karakteristike papusa kod vrsta roda <em> Pulicaria; </em>prstenasato suženje između baze papusa i cipsele, organizacija<br />sklerenhimskog tkiva ploda i tip trihoma na površini receptakuluma kod vrsta roda<em> Dittrichia</em>; sekretorni kanali u perikarpu ploda, odsustvo trihoma i slabo izražena rebra na površini receptakuluma kod vrste<em> L. crithmoides</em>. Plod vrste <em> I.</em><br /><em>helenium</em> razlikuje se od plodova svih preostalih analiziranih vrsta na osnovu njegovih dimenzija, većeg broja sklerenhimskih vrpci koje nisu istaknute u rebra, kao i na osnovu slabo izraženih rebara na receptakulumu, između karpopodijalnih otisaka, na kojima se nalaze žlezdane i nežlezdane trihome. Rezultati su<br />ukazali na to da se vrsta I. helenium izdvaja kao zaseban takson na osnovu anatomskih i mikromorfoloških karakteristika ploda i receptakuluma sa jednako malim stepenom statističke podrške koji takođe podržava izdvajanje rodova <em>Dittrichia, Limbarda i Pulicaria</em> u zasebne rodove. Stoga, naši rezultati podržavaju tvrdnju da vrsta I. helenium treba biti izdvojena od preostalih<br />vrsta roda Inula u zaseban rod, pri čemu je njena autentičnost evidentna na nivou anatomije i mikromorfologije vegetativnih i reproduktivnih organa.<br />Rezultati hemijske analize etarskog ulja pružili su do sada nepoznate podatke o kvalitativnom i kvantitativnom sastavu etarskog ulja podzemnih organa analiziranih taksona i ukazali na mogućnost njihove primene u taksonomiji ispitivanog tribusa na nivou identifikacije pojedinačnih taksona. Takođe, dobijeni<br />rezultati ukazali su na nove potencijalno lekovite vrste koje predstavljaju potencijalni resurs za farmaceutsku industriju. Rezultati analize osnovnih komponenti kao i rezultati korespodentne analize ukazali su na odsustvo tendencije grupisanja taksona koji pripadaju istom rodu prema trenutno<br />važećoj klasifikaciji. Zbog velike varijabilnosti uslovljene faktorima spoljašnje sredine sastav etarskih ulja ne može se koristiti samostalno kao pouzdan hemotaksonomski marker. Ipak, rezultati o sastavu etarskih ulja značajni su u smislu njihove primene u medicinske i kozmetičke svrhe, u industriji<br />gde se etarska ulja koriste kao sirovina, te su dobijeni rezultati značajni i u kontekstu evaluacije kvaliteta etarskih ulja ispitivanih vrsta.<br />Sprovedeno istraživanje daje značajan doprinos u pogledu tačnije klasifikacije unutar tribusa koja se danas bazira uglavnom na morfološkim karakteristikama. Detaljno opisani morfo-anatomski i mikromorfološki karakteri analiziranih<br />vegetativnih i reproduktivnih organa doprinose boljem poznavanju karakteristika vrsta analiziranih rodova i predstavljaju dopunu postojećim podacima o analiziranimtaksonima. Takođe, na bazi morfo-anatomskih karakteristika ploda i receptakuluma izrađen je dihotomi ključ za determinaciju analiziranih rodova i vrsta. Korišćenjem metoda diskriminantne i korespodentne analize izdvojeni su i karakteri na osnovu kojih je moguće izvršiti diskriminaciju određenih grupa u okviru<br />analiziranih taksona.</p> / <p>A comparative analysis of morpho-anatomical and micromorphological characteristics of leaf, stem, rhizome, root, fruit and receptacle, as well as biochemical analysis of essential oils of underground organs, was conducted over 16 species of 4 genera, <em> Inula (I. aschersoniana, I. bifrons, I. britannica, I.conyza, I. ensifolia, I. germanica, I. helenium, I. oculus-christi, I. saslicina ssp. salicina, I. salicina ssp. aspera, I. spiraeifolia), Dittrichia (D. graveolens, D. viscosa), Limbarda (L. crithmoides) and Pulicaria (P. dysenterica, P. vulgaris)</em> tribe Inuleae, Compositae. In addition to the fact that the species from different genera analysed in this paper were previously placed in different sections within <em>Inula, I. helenium L</em>., as the type species of the genus <em> Inula,</em> has also been placed in a separate section Corvisartia. According to the latest molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data, as well as morphological and karyological data, it is suggested that section Corvisartia should be segregated from the remaining Inula species as a separate genus, thus achieving a greater morphological homogeneity of the genus <em>Inula. </em> The objectives of dissertation are defined in accordance with the fact that the data on the morpho-anatomical, micromorphological and biochemical structure of the vegetative and reproductive organs of species of examined tribe are sparse and incomplete, while the analyses were carried out on few species of <em>Inula, Pulicaria, Dittrichia</em> and<em> Limbarda</em>, but less emphasis was placed on comparative purpose. The research involved a large number of qualitative and quantitative characters that were analysed and measured using a stereomicroscope, light, fluorescent and scanning electron microscope. The obtained data were statistically processed by various numerical analysis methods usually used in taxonomic research. These types of analyses for the species of the generaInula<em>, Dittrichia, Limbard </em> and <em> Pulicaria </em> have not been recorded in the literature so far. The conducted analysis showed that vegetative organs do not provide enough information on the basis of which certain groups of species could be singled out with statistically significant suport, neither the genera according to the actual classification. The yielded results indicated that the species from different genera were clearly delimited on the basis of their carpological and receptacular micromorphological and anatomical characteristics. Receptacle features and organisation of sclerenchyma tissue in a fruit are traits that tend to be diagnostic for genera. The features that separate analysed taxa are: two rows of pappus hairs in <em> Pulicaria </em>species; the ring constriction of the fruit over which it passes into pappus, the sclerenchymatous tissue in fruit in form of continuous ring, the type of trichomes on the receptacular surface in <em> Dittrichia </em>species; the fruit with secretory ducts, and the receptacular surface with weakly pronounced ridges without glands in L. crithmoides. I. helenium fruits differ from those of all the other species by their size, greater number of inconspicuous sclerenchymatic bundles, and poorly expressed ridges among carpopodial prints with glandular and non-glandular trichomes distributed along them. Results revealed that I. helenium stands out as a separate taxon, based on the anatomical and micromorphological characteristics of its fruit and receptacle, with equally small percentage of statistical support, which also supports the recognition of<em> Pulicaria, </em> <em>Dittrichia</em> and<em> Limabarda</em> as separate genera. Obtained results support the claim that I. helenium should be separated from the Inula genus, whereby its authenticity is evident at the level of anatomy and micromorphology of vegetative and reproductive organs. The chemical analysis of the essential oil has provided new data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil of the underground organs of the analysed taxa and pointed out the possibility of their application in taxonomy. Also, the obtained results indicated potentially new medicinal plants that represent a potential resource for the pharmaceutical industry. Principal component analysis as well as the results of the Correspondent analysis indicated the absence of the grouping tendency of taxa belonging to the same genus, according to the actual classification. Due to the high variability conditioned by the environmental factors the composition of essential oils cannot be used independently as a reliable chemotaxonomic marker. However, the results of the composition of essential oils are significant in terms of their application for medical and cosmetic purposes, in the industry where oils are used as raw materials, and the results obtained are also significant in the context of evaluation of the quality of investigated essential oils.The conducted research makes a significant contribution to more precise classification within the tribe, which is now basedmainly on morphological characteristics. The detailed description of morpho-anatomical and micromorphological characters of the analysed vegetative and reproductive organs contributes to better knowledge of the characteristics of the analysed species and complements the existing data on them. Also, on the basis of morpho-anatomical characteristics of the fruit and the receptacle a dichotomous key for the determination of the analysed genera and species was developed. According to the Discriminant and Correspodent analysis the characteristics on which is possible to discriminate certain groups within the analysed genera are also distinguished.</p>
Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)107459 |
Date | 27 September 2017 |
Creators | Karanović Dunja |
Contributors | Zorić Lana, Luković Jadranka, Anačkov Goran, Orčić Dejan, Zlatković Bojan |
Publisher | Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences at Novi Sad |
Source Sets | University of Novi Sad |
Language | Serbian |
Detected Language | Unknown |
Type | PhD thesis |
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