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Previous issue date: 2013 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A inocula??o de fungos ectomicorr?zicos em mudas clonais de eucalipto pode promover o crescimento delas, principalmente ap?s o plantio no campo, mas este efeito ? dependente do fungo, da planta hospedeira e das condi??es ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar isolados de fungos ectomicorr?zicos para programas de inocula??o em viveiros comerciais de eucalipto clonal. Para isto foram montados dois experimentos, um em viveiro comercial, e outro em vasos mantidos em casa de vegeta??o onde simulou-se a condi??o de campo, em que mudas j? formadas inoculadas e n?o-inoculadas foram plantadas em solo. O experimento em viveiro objetivou selecionar isolados de Pisolithus sp. que colonizem mudas clonais de eucalipto em condi??es de viveiro comercial. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 17, sendo: os clones de eucalipto GG100, h?brido de Eucalyptus urophylla, e o GG680, h?brido do cruzamento de E. urophylla com Eucalyptus grandis, inoculados com 15 isolados de Pisolithus sp. e crescidos em substrato com redu??o da aduba??o fosfatada; e os controles n?o inoculados com (Controle) e sem (Comercial) redu??o da aduba??o fosfatada do substrato, com cinco repeti??es. As conclus?es obtidas foram que a inocula??o de isolados de Pisolithus promove a coloniza??o ectomicorr?zica, a sobreviv?ncia, o crescimento e a nutri??o de mudas clonais de eucalipto produzidas em viveiro comercial com elevado teor de P no substrato, mas este efeito foi dependente do isolado e do clone. Os isolados de Pisolithus sp. D3, D5, D15, D16, D26, D58 e D87 foram eficientes em colonizar ra?zes de mudas clonais de eucalipto produzidas em viveiro comercial. Os isolados de Pisolithus mais promissores para uso na inocula??o de mudas clonais de eucalipto foram o D15, D17 e D5, os dois primeiros promoveram maior massa seca total e o ?ltimo proporcionou elevada sobreviv?ncia para os dois clones e aumentou, os teores de Cu e os conte?dos de K, Ca, Fe e Cu das mudas. O experimento em casa de vegeta??o objetivou selecionar isolados de Pisolithus sp. que promovam maior crescimento e absor??o de nutrientes em plantio clonal de eucalipto. Mudas com 125 dias do clone GG680 (h?brido de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis) inoculadas com os isolados D15, D16, D17, D117, D118 e do clone GG100 (h?brido de Eucalyptus urophylla) inoculadas com os isolados citados acima mais os isolados D3, D5, D20, D26, D58, D87, D95, D184, UFVJM03 e UFVJM04, produzidas em viveiro comercial, em que a aduba??o fosfatada no substrato de produ??o das mudas foi reduzida. Tamb?m foram avaliadas mudas dos dois clones sem inocula??o e produzidas com (Controle) e sem (Comercial) redu??o da aduba??o fosfatada do substrato de produ??o de mudas, totalizando 24 tratamentos. As conclus?es obtidas foram que os isolados de Pisolithus sp. mostraram capacidade diferenciada em aumentaram os ?ndices de crescimento e de clorofila, os teores e os conte?dos de alguns nutrientes nas plantas, e estes efeitos foram dependentes do clone. Os melhores isolados foram os D95, D117, D118 e D184 para o GG100 e o D16 para o GG680. Assim, conclui-se que existem isolados de fungos ectomicorr?zicos que s?o capazes de colonizar as ra?zes de mudas clonais de eucalipto fertilizadas com altas doses de P. Por?m, h? necessidade de selecionar isolados que possam colonizar e promover benef?cios para diversos clones de eucalipto, ou a sele??o de isolados espec?ficos para cada clone ou grupo deles. Ainda observou-se que os melhores isolados para as condi??es de viveiro comerciais n?o foram os melhores para as condi??es que simulou o campo, havendo ainda a necessidade de mais experimentos com mais isolados, clones e de campo. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT
The inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi in eucalypt cutting enraized can promote their growth, especially after the planting in field, but this effect depends on the fungus, on the host plant and on the environmental conditions. The aim of this work was to select isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi for inoculation programs in commercial nurseries of clonal eucalypt. To this were installed two experiments, one in commercial nursery and another in vases kept in a greenhouse where was simulated field condition, in which inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings already formed were planted in soil. The experiment in nursery aimed to select isolates of Pisolithus sp. that colonize clonal eucalypt seedlings in commercial nursery conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 2 x 17, being: the eucalyptus clones GG100, hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla, and GG680, hybrid of crossing E. urophylla with Eucalyptus grandis, inoculated with 15 isolates of Pisolithus sp. and grown in a substrate with reduced phosphorus fertilization, and controls not inoculated with (Control) and without (Commercial) reduction of phosphate fertilization in substrate, with five replications. The conclusions obtained were that the inoculation of isolates of Pisolithus sp. ectomycorrhizal colonized the eucalypt cutting enraized produced in commercial nursery with high P content in the substrate and this effect was dependent on the isolate and clone. Isolates of Pisolithus sp. D3, D5, D15, D16, D26, D58 and D87 were efficient in colonizing roots minicutting produced in commercial nursery. Isolates of Pisolithus most promising for use in inoculating minicutting were the D15, D17 and D5, the first two promoted higher total dry matter and the latter provided a high survival rate for the two clones and increased Cu concentration and content K, Ca, Fe and Cu seedlings. The experiment in greenhouse aimed to select isolates of Pisolithus sp. that promote higher growth and nutrient absorption in clonal eucalyptus planting. cutting enraized with 125 days of GG680 clone (hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla) inoculated with the isolates D15, D16, D17, D117, D118 and of GG100 clone (hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla) inoculated with the isolates cited above in addition with the isolates D3, D5, D20, D26, D58, D87, D95, D184, UFVJM03 and UFVJM04, produced in commercial nursery, where the phosphorus fertilization in the substrate for production of seedlings was reduced. There were also evaluated seedlings of the two clones without inoculation and produced with (Control) and without (Commercial) reduction of phosphate fertilization of the substrate for seedling production, totalizing 24 treatments. The conclusions obtained were that the isolates of Pisolithus sp. showed differentiated capability in increasing the growth and chlorophyll indexes, the contents of some nutrients in the plants, and these effects were dependent to the clone. The best isolates were the D95, D117, D118 and D184 for GG100 and the D16 for GG680. Thus, it is concluded that there are isolated from ectomycorrhizal fungi that are capable to colonize the roots of clonal eucalypt seedlings fertilized with high doses of P. However, it?s necessary to select isolates that can colonize and promote benefits for various eucalyptus clones or the selection of isolates for each specific clone or group of them. Furthermore, it was observed that the best isolates for commercial nursery conditions were not the best for conditions that simulated the field, having the necessity of further experiments with more isolates, clones and field.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui:1/284 |
| Date | 09 August 2013 |
| Creators | Fonseca, Arley Jos? |
| Contributors | Rossi, M?rcio Jos?, Carneiro, Marco Aur?lio Carbone, Silva, Enilson de Barros, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Grazziotti, Paulo Henrique |
| Publisher | UFVJM |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFVJM, instname:Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, instacron:UFVJM |
| Rights | A concess?o da licen?a deste item refere-se ao ? termo de autoriza??o impresso assinado pelo autor, assim como na licen?a Creative Commons, com as seguintes condi??es: Na qualidade de titular dos direitos de autor da publica??o, autorizo a Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri e o IBICT a disponibilizar por meio de seus reposit?rios, sem ressarcimento dos direitos autorais, de acordo com a Lei n? 9610/98, o texto integral da obra disponibilizada, conforme permiss?es assinaladas, para fins de leitura, impress?o e/ou download, a t?tulo de divulga??o da produ??o cient?fica brasileira, e preserva??o, a partir desta data., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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