Three studies were designed to evaluate the promoting
effect of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) on avian myeloblastosis
virus (AMV) infection in White Leghorn chickens.
In the first study effects on growth parameters, blood serum
and erythrocyte lipid composition of White Leghorn chickens
were investigated at 100 ppm and 300 ppm dietary CPFA. In
comparison to controls, chicks fed dietary CPFA had reduced
body weights and food intake. At both levels, CPFA increased
the saturated fatty acids and decreased monoenes in blood
serum and erythrocyte triacylglycerols and phospholipids.
In a second study, the effects of high dietary (300 ppm)
CPFA on AMV infectivity were investigated. Chicks were inoculated with 0.1 ml AMV at 7 days of age. A diet containing
CPFA was fed before and after inoculation. CPFA/AMV treated
chicks showed a marked reduction in body weight gain and
food consumption in comparison to controls. CPFA appeared
to promote AMV infection along with unexpected violent
hemorrhagic manifestations. These hemorrhagic manifestations
appeared to cause death before AMV induced myeloblast
proliferation in the circulating blood. In comparison to
controls, CPFA altered the phospholipid composition of isolated
myeloblasts and the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio of
isolated myelobasts, myeloblast plasma membrane, and virus
particles. Analysis of the acyl group composition of choline
and ethanolamine phospholipids from CPFA treated myeloblasts
and myeloblast plasma membrane revealed an increase in saturated
fatty acid and a decrease in monoenes. In both, CPFA
appeared to affect ethanolamine more than choline phospholipids.
In contrast, the alterations observed in CPFA
treated virus particle choline and ethanolamine fatty acyl
chains were reversed from those found in the myeloblast and
myeloblast plasma membrane. In addition, ATPase specific
activity was altered in relation to the CPFA induced lipid
changes in the myeloblast plasma membrane and virus particle.
It was shown that as saturation increased enzyme activity
increased.
As a third investigation, the effects of low dietary
(75 ppm and 150 ppm) CPFA on AMV infection was conducted in
an attempt to eliminate the hemorrhagic manifestations. A
difference that was observed between this investigation and
the 300 ppm CPFA/AMV study was less severe hemorrhagic
responses. Histological examination of CPFA treated liver
and spleen by light microscopy revealed heavy infiltration
of mitotic myeloblasts into each tissue. Analysis of the
number of virus particle/ml by reverse transcriptase revealed
300 ppm dietary CPFA stimulated the synthesis and release of
virus particles. This was in contrast with 150 ppm dietary
CPFA which retarded the synthesis and release of virus particles. / Graduation date: 1982
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:ORGSU/oai:ir.library.oregonstate.edu:1957/27466 |
| Date | 19 February 1982 |
| Creators | Swanson, Joy Emily |
| Contributors | Selivonchick, D. P. |
| Source Sets | Oregon State University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis/Dissertation |
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