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Previous issue date: 2012-12-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In recent decades, the generation of solid and liquid waste has increased substantially due to
increased industrial activity that is directly linked to economic growth. For that is the most
efficient process, it is inevitable generation of such wastes. In the oil industry, a major waste
generated in oil exploration is produced water, which due to its complex composition and the
large amount generated, has become a challenge, given the restrictions imposed by
environmental laws regarding their disposal, making if necessary create alternatives for reuse
or treatment in order to reduce the content of contaminants and reduce the harmful effects to
the environment. This water can be present in free form or emulsified with the oil, when in the
form of an emulsion of oil-water type, it is necessary to use chemicals to promote the
separation and flotation is the treatment method which has proved to be more efficient, for it
can remove much of the emulsified oil when compared to other methods. In this context, the
object of this work was to study the individual effects and interactions of some physicochemical
parameters of operations, based on previous work to a flotation cell used in the
separation of synthetic emulsion oil / water in order to optimize the efficiency of the
separation process through of the 24 full factorial design with center point. The response
variables to evaluate the separation efficiency was the percentage of color and turbidity
removal. The independent variables were: concentration of de-emulsifying, oil content in
water, salinity and pH, these being fixed, minimum and maximum limits. The analysis of
variance for the equation of the empirical model, was statistically significant and useful for
predictive purposes the separation efficiency of the floater with R2 > 90%. The results showed
that the oil content in water and the interaction between the oil content in water and salinity,
showed the highest values of the estimated effects among all the factors investigated, having
great and positive influence on the separation efficiency. By analyzing the response surface
was determined maximum removal efficiency above 90% for both measured for turbidity as a
measure of color when in a saline medium (30 g/L), the high oil concentrations (306 ppm)
using low concentrations of de-emulsifying (1,1 ppm) and at pH close to neutral / Nas ?ltimas d?cadas, a gera??o de res?duos s?lidos e l?quidos tem aumentado
substancialmente devido ao aumento da atividade industrial que est? diretamente ligada ao
crescimento econ?mico. Por mais eficiente que seja o processo, ? inevit?vel a gera??o desses
res?duos. Na ind?stria petrol?fera, um dos principais res?duos gerado na explora??o do
petr?leo ? a ?gua produzida, que devido ? sua composi??o complexa e ? grande quantidade
gerada, tem se tornado um desafio, diante das restri??es impostas pela legisla??o ambiental
quanto ao seu descarte, fazendo-se necess?rio criar alternativas de reuso ou tratamento com a
finalidade de reduzir o teor de contaminantes e diminuir os efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente.
Essa ?gua pode estar presente sob a forma livre ou emulsionada com o ?leo, quando na forma
de emuls?o do tipo ?leo/?gua, faz-se necess?rio ? utiliza??o de subst?ncias qu?micas para
promover a separa??o, sendo a flota??o o m?todo de tratamento que vem se mostrando mais
eficiente, pois consegue remover grande parte do ?leo emulsionado quando comparada a
outros m?todos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos individuais e
de intera??es de alguns par?metros f?sico-qu?micos operacionais, baseado em trabalhos
anteriores, para uma c?lula de flota??o utilizada na separa??o de emuls?o sint?tica ?leo/?gua,
visando otimizar a efici?ncia do processo de separa??o atrav?s um planejamento experimental
do tipo fatorial completo 24 com ponto central. As vari?veis de resposta para avaliar a
efici?ncia da separa??o foram percentagem de remo??o de cor e turbidez. As vari?veis
independentes estudadas foram: concentra??o do desemulsificante, teor de ?leo em ?gua,
salinidade e pH, sendo fixadas a estas, limites m?nimos e m?ximos. A an?lise da vari?ncia
para a equa??o do modelo emp?rico mostrou-se estatisticamente significante e ?til para fins
preditivos da efici?ncia de separa??o do flotador com R2 > 90%. Os resultados mostraram que
o teor de ?leo em ?gua e a intera??o entre o teor de ?leo em ?gua e a salinidade, apresentaram
os maiores valores dos efeitos estimados dentre o conjunto dos fatores investigados, tendo
grande e positiva influ?ncia na efici?ncia de separa??o. Atrav?s da an?lise da superf?cie de
resposta, foi determinada uma efici?ncia m?xima de remo??o acima de 90% tanto para
medida de turbidez quanto para medida de cor quando em meio salino (30 g/L), a altas
concentra??es de ?leo (306 ppm), utilizando concentra??es baixas do desemulsificante (1,1
ppm) e com pH pr?ximo do neutro
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/15837 |
| Date | 27 December 2012 |
| Creators | Santana, Aline Viviane Maia de |
| Contributors | CPF:04514998320, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5840621182000517, Andrade, Jo?o Marconi de, CPF:42965462449, Freitas, J?lio Cezar de Oliveira, CPF:00957245408, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2357217530716519, Braga, Renata Martins, CPF:05165674460, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4603529162393328, Melo, Marcus Ant?nio de Freitas |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia Qu?mica, UFRN, BR, Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess |
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