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Previous issue date: 2014-08-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Brazilian caatinga is characterized by low annual rainfall and arid soils. Several
cactaceae, either native or adapted species, grow in this semi-arid region, including the
prickly pear (Opuntia f?cus indica) and facheiro ((Philosocereus pachycladus Ritter) which
produce underexploited edible fruits. In addition to these species, the algaroba is a leguminous
with little studied technological applications and bioactive potential so far. Therefore, this
research aims to investigate the physicochemical, bioactive and functional attributes of the
prickly pear and facheiro fruit pulps and the algaroba flour. Specifically, this study
approaches the physicochemical characterization, total phenolic compounds (TPC) and the
betalain identification and quantification by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. It is also investigated the
DPPH antioxidant capacity and the antienzymatic activities against alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase
of water and ethanolic extracts of these food material. In order to address their
potential to be used as food ingredients, juice blends prepared with mixtures of caj? and
prickly pear, biofilms with facheiro and cereal bars with algaroba flour were elaborated and
analyzed. The prickly pear fruits presented low acidity and high sugar content when compared
to facheiro. The Philosocereus pachycladus Ritter fruits had higher protein and ash content,
but the algaroba flour was the species with higher protein and sugar content among all. The
algaroba flour also presented outstanding food fiber content, which reveals its potentiality to
be used as a natural intestinal regulator. The TPC of water and ethanol extracts ranged from
3.87 to 16.21 mg GAE/100g for algaroba flour, 79.24 to 110.20 GAE/ 100g for prickly pear
and 412.23 to 539.14 mg GAE/100g for facheiro. The 70% (w/v) ethanol extract reached the
highest DPPH antioxidant activity, which was linearly correlated to its high TPC content. In
regard to the enzymatic inhibitory activities, the best performance was observed for the
prickly pear extracts which presented a moderate inhibition for both investigated enzymes, but
interestingly, no alpha-glucosidase inhibition was observed for facheiro extracts. This work
shows, for the first time in the literature, the functional attributes of facheiro fruits, as well as
the presence of betacianins and isobetanin in the pulp of this exotic fruit. When it comes to
the food products developed here, the sensory attributes that better described the juice blend
caj?-prickly pear were sweetness, acidity, color yellow-orange, body, turbidity and caj?
flavor. The discriminative test applied for cereal bars produced with and without algaroba
revealed that the texture was the only sensory attribute that differed (p<0.05) between these
two samples. It was also observed that the addition of facheiro extracts did not influence the
visual characteristics of the biofilms. Overall, this work unveils the physicochemical and
bioactive attributes of these commercial and technologically underexploited species widely
found in the Brazilian caatinga and presents alternatives for their rational use / O semi?rido brasileiro configura-se por condi??es clim?ticas e de solo
desfavor?veis e vegeta??o resistente a longos per?odos de estiagem. As esp?cies de cact?ceas
nativas ou adaptadas ? regi?o, como o figo da ?ndia (Opuntia f?cus indica) e facheiro
(Philosocereus pachycladus Ritter), t?m frutos comest?veis pouco conhecidas. Al?m destas
esp?cies, a leguminosa algaroba ? uma mat?ria-prima com caracter?sticas ainda pouco
investigadas do ponto de vista tecnol?gico e teor de subst?ncias bioativas. Desta forma, este
trabalho objetivou realizar a caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica, bioativa e funcional da polpa das
cact?ceas figo da ?ndia e facheiro e da farinha de algaroba. O estudo incluiu a determina??o
do teor de compostos fen?licos, identifica??o e quantifica??o das betala?nas por HPLC-DADESI-
MS, al?m da investiga??o da atividade antioxidante e inibi??o das enzimas alfa-amilase e
alfa-glicosidase, utilizando extratos aquosos e etan?licos obtidos a partir das esp?cies
avaliadas. Como estrat?gias de aproveitamento, elaborou-se suco misto do figo da ?ndia,
biofilmes a partir do facheiro e barra de cereal a partir da farinha de algaroba. A
caracteriza??o do figo da ?ndia revelou baixa acidez e elevada do?ura, quando comparada ao
facheiro. O fruto do Philosocereus pachycladus Ritter, por sua vez, apresentou maior
conte?do prot?ico e de cinzas. No entanto, a maior fra??o proteica e a??cares est? contida na
farinha de algaroba. O conte?do de fibra alimentar total (FAT) revelou a potencialidade da
farinha de Prosopis juliflora para atuar como reguladora da fun??o intestinal. O teor de
fen?lico total para extratos aquosos e etan?licos variaram de 3,87 a 16,21 mg GAE/100g para
a farinha de algaroba, 79,24 a 110,20 mg GAE/100g para o figo da ?ndia e facheiro 412,23 a
539,14 mg GAE/100g. O extrato etan?lico a 70% do figo da ?ndia apresentou elevada
atividade antioxidante, por?m o meior percentual fen?lico foi observado no facheiro. Em
rela??o ? inibi??o enzim?tica, o melhor desempenho foi observado em extratos do figo da
?ndia, os quais exibiram inibi??o moderada para as duas enzimas estudadas, enquanto que n?o
foi identificada inibi??o glicol?tica para o extrato aquoso de facheiro. O presente trabalho
mostra, pela primeira vez na literatura, resultados in?ditos sobre a funcionalidade do facheiro,
que incluem a presen?a das betala?nas betacianina e isobetanina na polpa desse fruto. No que
diz respeito aos produtos desenvolvidos, as caracter?sticas sensoriais que melhor descreveram
o suco misto de figo da ?ndia e caj? foram do?ura, acidez, cor amarela-alaranjada, corpo,
turbidez e aroma de caj?. A an?lise discriminativa da barrinha de cereal elaborada com e sem
farinha de algaroba mostrou que apenas o atributo textura foi diferente estatisticamente (p <
0,05) para as formula??es testadas. Os resultados tamb?m indicam que a adi??o do extrato do
facheiro n?o modificou visualmente as caracter?sticas dos biofilmes. De maneira geral, o
presente estudo revela as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas e bioativas desses vegetais
abundantemente encontrados na caatinga brasileira, mas ainda pouco explorados sob pontos
de vista tecnol?gico e comercial, bem como sugere alternativas de aproveitamento para tais
esp?cies
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/15935 |
| Date | 01 August 2014 |
| Creators | Souza, Rosane Li?ge Alves de |
| Contributors | CPF:84702885472, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798196E6, Matsui, K?tia Nicolau, CPF:26114671880, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3253316004789881, Maciel, Maria In?s Sucupira, CPF:15065766134, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2091651168946523, Santaana, Maristela de F?tima Simpl?cio, CPF:79821600425, Neves, Renata Alexandra Moreira das, CPF:95023992420, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6943193132756513, Correia, Roberta Targino Pinto |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia Qu?mica, UFRN, BR, Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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