1. SUMMARY
Bleach plant effluent obtained from the alkali extraction stage (Eo) of a dissolving sulphide pulp mill was chemically characterised by various methods. It was necessary to examine the chemical nature of the bleach plant effluent to devise effective treatment methods. Routine chemical analyses of effluent included: alkali-lignin, COD and pH determinations. Additional measurements involved physico-chemical techniques such as adsorption spectra analysis and determination of colour intensities of the wastewater. Effluent used during the biological treatments was studied in greater detail and analysis also included: AOX (absorbable organic chlorine), chlorophenol, gel permeation chromatography, nitrogen, phosphate and sugar determinations. Effluent collected at different periods from the bleach plant of the pulp mill usually differed significantly in chemical composition. Effluent employed during biological treatment studies contained trace amounts of nitrogen as well as carbohydrates however, no ortho phosphate was detected in the wastewater. Overall, the pH of the various effluents studied was in the alkaline range, colour intensities varied between 5 500 PCU to as high as 15 700 PCU and COD levels of 7 061 to 14 567 mg/l were measured. These methods provided crucial information that was essential for the planning of experiments conducted during this study. Furthermore, it was also used to measure the efficiency of the treatments methods applied.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:ufs/oai:etd.uovs.ac.za:etd-09212004-162538 |
| Date | 15 August 2006 |
| Creators | Van Driessel, Brian |
| Contributors | PROF I CHRISTOPHER |
| Publisher | University of the Free State |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en-uk |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.uovs.ac.za//theses/available/etd-09212004-162538/restricted/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to University Free State or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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