Wong Wai Lun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-125). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Legend for Figures --- p.ii / Legend for Tables --- p.iv / Abstract --- p.v / Abstract in Chinese --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Objective --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter II --- Literature Review / Chapter II.1. --- Anatomy of the urinary system --- p.6 / Chapter II.2. --- Physiology of the urinary system --- p.10 / Chapter II.3. --- Methods for investigating the urinary system --- p.12 / Chapter II.3.1. --- Plain film radiography --- p.12 / Chapter II.3.2. --- Excretory Urogram --- p.12 / Chapter II.3.3. --- Ultrasound --- p.13 / Chapter II.3.4. --- Computed Tomography --- p.15 / Chapter II.3.5. --- Renal Angiography --- p.16 / Chapter II.3.6. --- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) --- p.16 / Chapter II.3.7. --- Radionuclide Imaging --- p.17 / Chapter II.4. --- Radiopharmaceuticals for renal parenchyma imaging --- p.17 / Chapter II.4.1. --- Tc-99m GHA --- p.18 / Chapter II.4.1.1. --- Chemistry of Tc-99m GHA --- p.18 / Chapter II.4.1.2. --- Preparation --- p.18 / Chapter II.4.1.3. --- Doses --- p.18 / Chapter II.4.1.4. --- Biological behavior --- p.19 / Chapter II.4.2. --- Tc-99m DMSA / Chapter II.4.2.1. --- Chemistry of Technetium-99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (Tc-99m DMSA) --- p.20 / Chapter II.4.2.2. --- Chemical property of Tc-99m DMSA --- p.21 / Chapter II.4.2.3. --- Preparation --- p.22 / Chapter II.4.2.4. --- Radiochemical purity measurement --- p.22 / Chapter II.4.2.5. --- Doses --- p.23 / Chapter II.4.2.6. --- Pharmacokinetic of Tc-99m DMSA --- p.23 / Chapter II.4.2.7. --- Renal handling of injected Tc-99m DMSA --- p.25 / Chapter II.5. --- General consideration for quantitative uptake measurement in organs --- p.26 / Chapter II.5.1. --- Clinical significance of renal Tc-99m DMSA uptake --- p.28 / Chapter II.5.2. --- Special consideration and problems for quantitative renal Tc-99m uptake measurement --- p.29 / Chapter II.5.3. --- Suggestions and solutions for quantitative renal Tc-99m uptake measurement --- p.29 / Chapter II.5.3.1. --- Planar images Vs SPECT images for quantification --- p.29 / Chapter II.5.3.2. --- Background subtraction --- p.31 / Chapter II.5.3.3. --- Choice of location for background ROI --- p.32 / Chapter II.5.3.4. --- Attenuation --- p.35 / Chapter II.5.3.5. --- Principle of the conjugate view method --- p.36 / Chapter II.5.3.6. --- Body thickness and kidney depth measurement --- p.37 / Chapter II.6. --- Glomerular Filtration / Chapter II.6.1. --- Introduction --- p.39 / Chapter II.6.2. --- Gold standard for GFR measurement --- p.40 / Chapter II.6.3. --- Laboratory studies for the measurement of glomerular filtration : Serum Creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels --- p.41 / Chapter II.6.3.1. --- Calculation of Creatinine Clearance Rate --- p.43 / Chapter II.6.3.2. --- Critique for using creatinine clearance as a measurement of renal function --- p.44 / Chapter II.6.3.3. --- Limitation of the serum creatinine concentration used alone as a measurement of renal function --- p.46 / Chapter II.6.4. --- Radionuclide technique for the assessment of the glomerular function --- p.48 / Chapter II.6.4.1. --- Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic acid (DTPA) --- p.49 / Chapter II.6.4.2. --- Methods / Chapter II.6.4.2.1. --- Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate using Tc-99m DTPA with single injection techniques --- p.51 / Chapter II.6.4.2.2. --- Compartment model --- p.52 / Chapter II.6.4.2.2a. --- Two-compartment model --- p.52 / Chapter II.6.4.2.2b. --- Single-compartment model --- p.54 / Chapter II.6.4.2.3. --- Single blood sample technique: a modification of Tauxe's OIH method in which counts in a single plasma sample correlated with a GFR nomogram --- p.56 / Chapter II.6.4.2.4. --- Gamma camera based method --- p.58 / Chapter II.6.4.2.4a. --- Gates-modification of Schlegel's OIH technique --- p.58 / Chapter II.6.4.2.4b. --- Critique for the Gamma camera technique for measuring GFR --- p.62 / Chapter II.7. --- The relationship between the Tc-99m DMSA uptake and GFR --- p.67 / Chapter Chapter III --- Material and Methods --- p.69 / Chapter III.1. --- Subjects and Sampling Methods --- p.69 / Chapter III.2. --- Quantitation of Absolute DMSA uptake --- p.70 / Chapter III.2.1. --- Parameters for Tc-99m DMSA uptake study --- p.70 / Chapter III.2.1.1. --- Materials and methods --- p.70 / Chapter III.2.1.1.1. --- Instrumentation --- p.70 / Chapter III.2.1.1.2. --- Dosage --- p.70 / Chapter III.2.1.1.3. --- Optimum acquisition start time --- p.70 / Chapter III.2.1.1.4. --- Length of acquisition time --- p.71 / Chapter III.2.1.1.5. --- Acquisition parameter --- p.71 / Chapter III.3. --- Calculation of absolute renal DMSA uptake --- p.72 / Chapter III.3.1. --- Attenuation Coefficient factor(μ) --- p.73 / Chapter III.3.2. --- Table attenuation --- p.75 / Chapter III.3.3. --- Body thickness measurement --- p.77 / Chapter III.3.4. --- Decay correction --- p.78 / Chapter III.3.5. --- Calculation of DMSA uptake --- p.78 / Chapter III.3.6. --- Counting dose injected --- p.80 / Chapter III.3.7. --- Calculation of absolute quantitation of Tc-99m DMSA uptake --- p.80 / Chapter III.3.8. --- Dose infiltration --- p.81 / Chapter III.4. --- GFR measurement --- p.82 / Chapter III.4.1. --- Instrumentation --- p.82 / Chapter III.4.2. --- Methods --- p.82 / Chapter III.5. --- Statistical and analytical methods --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter IV --- Results --- p.87 / Chapter IV. 1. --- Characteristics of experimental subjects and their serum creatinine profile --- p.88 / Chapter IV.2. --- Absolute Tc-99m DMSA uptake / Chapter IV.2.1. --- The change of absolute Tc-99m uptake with time --- p.89 / Chapter IV.2.2. --- Absolute Tc-99m DMSA uptake measurement at 6 and 24 hours --- p.90 / Chapter IV.2.3. --- Gender difference in absolute Tc-99m uptake measurement at 6 hour --- p.92 / Chapter IV.3. --- GFR measurement --- p.93 / Chapter IV.3.1. --- GFR measurement by single (3hr) and double (1&3 hrs) plasma sampling --- p.93 / Chapter IV.3.2. --- Gender difference in GFR measurement using single plasma sampling --- p.96 / Chapter IV.4. --- Univariate Correlation --- p.97 / Chapter IV.4.1. --- Correlation between GFR using single plasma sampling and absolute Tc-99m uptake --- p.97 / Chapter IV.4.2. --- Correlation between GFR using single plasma sampling and plasma creatinine levels --- p.98 / Chapter IV.4.3. --- Correlation between anthropometric variables on GFR(3 hr) --- p.99 / Chapter IV.4.4. --- Correlation between anthropometric variables and serum creatinine plasma level on absolute Tc-99m DMSA uptake measurement at 6 hour --- p.101 / Chapter IV.4.5. --- Multiple linear stepwise regression --- p.103 / Chapter Chapter V. --- Discussion / Chapter V. 1 --- . Review of the study --- p.104 / Chapter V.1.1. --- Experimental subjects and their absolute Tc-99m DMSA uptake (%) at 6 hr --- p.104 / Chapter V.1.2. --- Experimental subjects and their GFR(3 hr) --- p.105 / Chapter V.2. --- Discussion on subject --- p.105 / Chapter V.2.1. --- Subject preparation --- p.106 / Chapter V.3. --- Discussion of method --- p.106 / Chapter V.3.1. --- Equipment --- p.106 / Chapter (a) --- Dose calibrator --- p.106 / Chapter (b) --- The sensitivity of the head 1 and 2 of the gamma camera --- p.106 / Chapter (c) --- Validation of quantification of injected activity by gamma camera method--------constancy of performance for gamma camera --- p.110 / Chapter (d) --- LEHR Collimator --- p.112 / Chapter (f) --- Dead time loss --- p.112 / Chapter V.4. --- Discussion on measurement --- p.113 / Chapter (a) --- Length of acquisition time --- p.113 / Chapter (b) --- Attenuation Coefficient factor (\x) --- p.113 / Chapter (c) --- "Body thickness, L, measurement" --- p.113 / Chapter (d) --- Optimum acquisition time for data collection --- p.115 / Chapter v.5. --- Discussion on overall error estimation --- p.115 / Chapter (a) --- Tc-99m DMSA uptake measurement at 6 hr --- p.115 / Chapter (b) --- GFR measurement by single (3 hr) sample --- p.116 / Chapter Chapter VI --- Conclusion --- p.117 / Reference --- p.119 / Appendix I --- p.126 / Appendix II --- p.128 / Appendix III --- p.134
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_322509 |
| Date | January 1998 |
| Contributors | Wong, Wai Lun., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Surgical Sciences. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, x, 134 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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