Caracterização da matéria orgânica do solo e sua influência nas propriedades físico-químicas no sistema Latossolo-Gleissolo / Soil organic matter characterization and its influence on the physical-chemical property in the Latossolo-Gleissolo system

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Previous issue date: 2017-09-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A região do oeste mineiro possui grande importância econômica nacional, possui excelente potencial mineral e é um importante polo do agronegócio. Sua importância para o Brasil não é recente, o oeste mineiro, assim como todo o estado de Minas Gerais, possui grande importância histórica também, desde a extração de ouro na época colonial, passando pela cultura do café com leite e chegando aos dias atuais, com a mineração. Calcário e argila refratária são importantes bens minerais explorados a décadas, estando associados às rochas sedimentares da formação Marília, que sustenta o relevo das chapadas sedimentares ali presentes. A catena estudada encontra-se no alto de uma dessas chapadas, localizada entre os municípios de Uberaba e Uberlândia, e é composta por três perfis, T1P1 (montante), T1P2 (meia encosta) e T1P3 (jusante), que demonstram, localmente, a transição entre Latossolos e Gleissolos. Análises químicas, físicas e mineralógicas foram feitas para caracterizar a transição entre os dois tipos de solo que compõem a Catena. O fracionamento da matéria orgânica indicou que a matéria orgânica particulada, presente na fração areia, ainda é bastante significativa e contribui para elevar o cálculo do carbono orgânico total no ambiente. O índice Ki, que retrata o grau de intemperismo, indica um caráter predominantemente gibbsítico em todas as porções do solo da Catena. A Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura indica a presença de alumínio na forma de hidróxido, Gibbsita, concordando com o caráter gibbsítico impresso pelo índice Ki. Os resultados da análise de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier apontam para a presença de ácidos orgânicos cuja composição é dada por ácidos carboxílicos fracos e polissacarídeos. Quando correlacionados, os resultados apontam para um solo mineral rico em Gibbsita apresentando enriquecimento aluminoso característicos das áreas hidromórficas. As áreas hidromórficas perfazem um total de 6% ou 2,1 milhões de quilômetros quadrados da superfície terrestre e são importantes reservatórios de carbono orgânico, sendo muito importantes na manutenção climática do planeta Terra. Seu estudo é importante devido ao acelerado declínio, em área, desses ambientes, globalmente. O estudo do carbono associado ao solo é importante pois o solo é capaz de acumular até quatro vezes mais carbono do que a biomassa vegetal e até três vezes mais carbono do que a atmosfera. Localmente, na área de estudo, os teores de carbono orgânico tendem a diminuir em direção à base dos perfis estudados e aumentar, em aproximadamente 8 vezes, em direção à jusante da Catena, na região dos solos Glei. / The region of western Minas Gerais has great national economic importance, has excellent mineral potential and is an important pole of agribusiness. Its importance for Brazil is not recent, the west of Minas Gerais, as well as the entire state of Minas Gerais, is also of great historical importance, from the extraction of gold in colonial times, to the present day, with diferente types of mining. Limestone and refractory clay are important mineral assets exploited for decades, being associated to the sedimentary rocks of the Marília formation, which supports the relief of the sedimentary plains present there. The studied catena is located on the top of one of these plains, located between the cities of Uberaba and Uberlândia, and is composed of three profiles, T1P1 (upstream), T1P2 (half slope) and T1P3 (downstream) the transition between Oxisols and Gleissolos. Chemical, physical and mineralogical analyzes were made to characterize the transition between the two types of soil that compose Catena. The fractionation of the organic matter indicated that the particulate organic matter, present in the sand fraction, is still very significant and contributes to increase the calculation of the total organic carbon in the environment. The Ki index, which shows the degree of weathering, indicates a predominantly gibbsite character in all portions of the Catena soil. The Scanning Electron Microscopy indicates the presence of aluminum in the form of hydroxide, Gibbsite, agreeing with the gibbsitic character printed by the Ki index. The results of the Fourier transform Infrared analysis point to the presence of organic acids whose composition is given by weak carboxylic acids and polysaccharides. When correlated, the results point to a mineral rich in Gibbsite presenting aluminous enrichment characteristic of the hydromorphic areas. Hydromorphic areas make up a total of 6% or 2.1 million square kilometers of the earth's surface and are important reservoirs of organic carbon, and are very important in the climate maintenance of planet Earth. Their study is important because of the accelerated decline in area of these environments globally. The study of the carbon associated to the soil is important because the soil is able to accumulate up to four times more carbon than the vegetal biomass and up to three times more carbon than the atmosphere. Locally, in the study area, the organic carbon content tends to decrease towards the base of the studied profiles and increase, approximately 8 times, downstream of Catena, in the region of the Glei soils.

Links & Downloads

1. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152157
2. 000894569
3. 33004137036P9

Tags

Latossolo

Gleissolo

Catena

Carbono

Gleysol

Latosol

Carbon

Additional Fields

Identifer	oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/152157
Date	20 September 2017
Creators	Amendola, Danilo Furlan [UNESP]
Contributors	Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rosolen, Vania Silvia [UNESP]
Publisher	Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Source Sets	IBICT Brazilian ETDs
Language	Portuguese
Detected Language	English
Type	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
Source	reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP, instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista, instacron:UNESP
Rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Relation	600