Aim Disparities exist in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes in the United States (U.S.) with Central Appalachia having disproportionate burden. This study examined prevalence and correlates of CVD risk-factors among patients with diabetes/subclinical atherosclerosis in Central Appalachia. Methods: During 2012–2016, 3000 patients from Central Appalachia were screened for subclinical atherosclerosis, using coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores; 419 participants had diabetes. Patients were categorized into four groups, with emphasis on those having subclinical atherosclerosis, CAC score ≥ 1. Descriptive statistics and multilevel multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify CVD risk and spatial factors associated with co-existence of diabetes and subclinical atherosclerosis. Results: Among participants, prevalence of CVD risk-factors ranged from 11.7% for current smokers to 69.2% for those with CVD family history. Average BMI was 29.8. Compared to patients with diabetes only, age [RR = 1.07; p ≤ 0.0001], being male [RR = 5.33; p ≤ 0.0001], having hypertension [RR = 2.37; p ≤ 0.05] and being a former smoker were associated with increased likelihood of having diabetes/subclinical atherosclerosis. At the zip-code level, unemployment rate [RR = 1.37; p ≤ 0.05] was significantly associated with having diabetes/subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Consistent with clinical guidelines, study results suggest the need to integrate CAC screening into primary care diabetes programs while addressing spatial issues that predispose patients to have diabetes/subclinical atherosclerosis.
Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:ETSU/oai:dc.etsu.edu:etsu-works-10872 |
Date | 01 April 2021 |
Creators | Mamudu, Hadii M., Jones, Antwan, Paul, Timir K., Osedeme, Fenose, Stewart, David, Alamian, Arsham, Wang, Liang, Orimaye, Sylvester, Bledsoe, James, Poole, Amy, Blackwell, Gerald, Budoff, Mathew |
Publisher | Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University |
Source Sets | East Tennessee State University |
Detected Language | English |
Type | text |
Source | ETSU Faculty Works |
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