The use of naloxone (NAL) for opioid overdose treatment is limited mostly to parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous) or intranasal route due to significant first-pass metabolism associated with oral delivery. Injectables are painful and frequent administrations by the existing routes for patient stabilization due to the short half-life of NAL are needed. Alternative delivery systems would be beneficial if they provide a balance between sustained release properties and a comparable rapid release as is achievable with the available parenteral forms. Thus, the goal of our study is to design a clinically viable polymeric microneedle (MN) patch for NAL. MNs of varying geometric dimensions were fabricated. In vitro skin permeation data for the best-performing patch was mathematically modeled and predictions on geometric parameters for a MN patch of comparable pharmacokinetic properties to parenteral and intranasal NAL as seen in the market were determined. From these evaluations, the need to devise ways to improve flux and amount of drug released from a patch per time was identified. We explored the influence of iontophoretically driving ionized drug content in MN patches on cumulative permeation of NAL from the best-performing MN patch. To optimize the iontophoresis parameters, the influence of citrate phosphate buffer strength on drug release profile was evaluated. Also, the impact of combining iontophoresis and higher drug loading was evaluated. A reduced lag time of about 5-15 min was observed with fabricated polymeric MN patches. From the polymeric MN patch P1 loaded with 50 mg/mL of NAL, a significant drug flux of 15.09 ± 7.68 ��g/cm2/h was observed in the first 1 h (p.Increasing MN length and density (P2 and P3) made a significant difference in the amount permeated and flux (pin-vitrorelease from the best-performing patch (P3) revealed the significance of needle base diameter and needle count in improving systemic pharmacokinetics of NAL from the MN patches. With this approach, an optimized design of the patch that can reproduce the clinical pharmacokinetics of NAL obtained with commercial devices was predicted. Investigation on the influence of iontophoresis in improving flux from the P3 patch shows about a 2-fold (p
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:ETSU/oai:dc.etsu.edu:asrf-2106 |
| Date | 25 April 2023 |
| Creators | Tijani, Akeemat O., Puri, Ashana, Pelaez, Maria J, Dogra, Prashant O |
| Publisher | Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University |
| Source Sets | East Tennessee State University |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Source | Appalachian Student Research Forum |
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