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Previous issue date: 2007-12-13 / Palicourea marcgravii (Pm) is the most important toxic plant in Brazil. It is responsible for
about half of all bovine deaths by natural poisoning in the country. The poisoning has a
hyperacute evolution resulting in sudden death, which is attributed to the monofluoroacetic
acid. This substance has high toxicity to several mammals, including humans. The
homeopathic therapeutics uses ultra-highly diluted and dynamized solutions and there is
enough evidence to investigate them as possible protection against poisonings. The aims of
the present work were to compare the toxic effects of aqueous (AE) and hydroalcoholic
(mother tincture - MT) extracts of Pm in rats, evaluate the effects of ultra-highly diluted and
dynamized solutions (Pm 6CH and Pm 30CH) over the development of tolerance to the toxic
effects of Pm and evaluate clinical, necroscopic and histopathological alterations in nonintoxicated
rats treated with these solutions. AE and MT groups were formed of 10 animals
each which received the extract in doses of 0.4g/kg, 0.8g/kg, 2g/kg and 4g/kg, intragastrically.
The UD6EA and UD30EA groups were formed of five rats each, which received respectively 1
mL of Pm 6CH e Pm 30CH solutions, by oral route, three times a day, for eight days. Then,
they were intoxicated with 2g/kg of Pm aqueous extract, intragastrically and received the
correspondent ultra-highly diluted and dynamized preparations hourly until death. The UD6
and UD30 groups were formed of five rats each and received respectively 1 mL of Pm 6CH
and Pm 30CH, orally, three times a day for 63 days. The animals were evaluated using
clinical parameters, including the direct observation of their behavior at the open field and at
the elevated plus-maze, and the study of the macro and microscopic lesions. Hyperacute death
occurred after administration of the doses of 0.4g/kg, 0.8g/kg, 2g/kg e 4g/kg. In the AE group,
prostration and nervous hyperexcitability followed or not by convulsive crisis were observed.
In the MT group, the animals presented marked nervous depression without convulsion.
Hepatic congestion and evidence of cardiac dilation were observed in the necropsy. Hydropic
vacuolar degeneration of the renal distal convoluted tubules and congestion of several organs
were observed in the histopathological examination. The latencies for the emergence of the
first clinical signs, the convulsions and death occurrence were different in the animals of
groups AE1 (Pm 2g/kg), UD6EA and UD30EA, but was considered inadequate the animals
amount. Groups UD6 and UD30 did not show any clinical, behavioral, necroscopical or
histopathological differences when compared to the control group. The conclusions were that
the aqueous extract causes nervous excitability and convulsions while the mother tincture
causes nervous depression. There is cumulative effect of the toxic substances present in the
plant, and there is not evidence that the ultra-highly diluted and dynamized preparation
increases the tolerance to Pm intoxication. / A Palicourea marcgravii (Pm), a planta t?xica mais importante no Brasil, ? respons?vel por
cerca da metade das mortes por intoxica??o natural em bovinos no Pa?s. A intoxica??o cursa
com evolu??o superaguda e morte s?bita, atribu?da ao ?cido monofluoroac?tico, subst?ncia de
alta toxidez para diversos mam?feros, inclusive o homem. A terap?utica homeop?tica emprega
solu??es ultradilu?das e dinamizadas e h? evid?ncias suficientes para explor?-la como poss?vel
prote??o contra intoxica??es. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram comparar os efeitos t?xicos
dos extratos aquoso (EA) e hidro-alco?lico (tintura-m?e - TM) de Pm em ratos e avaliar o
efeito das solu??es ultradilu?das e dinamizadas (Pm 6CH e Pm 30CH) sobre a toler?ncia e
a??o t?xica da planta e avaliar a ocorr?ncia de altera??es cl?nicas, necrosc?picas e
histopatol?gicas em ratos n?o-intoxicados tratados com essas solu??es. O EA, a TM, a Pm
6CH e a Pm 30CH foram administrados a 49 ratos distribu?dos em seis grupos-teste; dois
grupos adicionais foram mantidos como controle. Os grupos EA e TM foram constitu?dos por
10 animais cada, que receberam doses que variaram de 0,4g/kg, 0,8g/kg, 2g/kg e 4g/kg. Os
grupos UD6EA e UD30EA foram constitu?dos por cinco ratos cada e receberam 1mL das
solu??es Pm 6CH e Pm 30CH, respectivamente, por via oral, tr?s vezes ao dia, e ap?s oito
dias 2g/kg do extrato aquoso de Pm, por via intrag?strica. Os grupos UD6 e UD30, constitu?dos
por cinco ratos cada, receberam 1mL de Pm 6CH e Pm 30CH, respectivamente, por via oral,
tr?s vezes ao dia, durante 63 dias. Os animais foram avaliados por par?metros cl?nicos,
comportamentais (campo aberto e labirinto em cruz elevado), achados de necropsia e exames
histopatol?gicos. Ocorreu morte superaguda com as doses de 0,4g/kg, 0,8g/kg, 2g/kg e 4g/kg.
No grupo EA observaram-se prostra??o e hiperexcitabilidade nervosa, seguida, ou n?o, por
crise convulsiva e no grupo TM depress?o nervosa acentuada, sem convuls?o. Havia ainda
p?los eri?ados, dispn?ia, cianose de extremidades, e hipotermia. ? necropsia observaram-se
f?gado congesto e dilata??o card?aca e pelo exame histopatol?gico, degenera??o hidr?picovacuolar
em t?bulos contornados distais dos rins e congest?o em v?rios ?rg?os. Houve
diferen?as nas lat?ncias para o aparecimento dos primeiros sinais cl?nicos, de convuls?o e
ocorr?ncia de morte entres os grupos UD30EA, UD6EA e EA1 (Pm 2g/kg), mas o numero de
animais foi considerado pequeno para se atribuir efeito protetor das solu??es ultradilu?das e
dinamizadas ? intoxica??o pela planta. Os grupos UD6 e UD30 n?o apresentaram diferen?as
cl?nicas, comportamentais ou necrosc?picas em compara??o com o grupo controle. Conclui-se
que o extrato aquoso produz excitabilidade nervosa e convuls?o e a tintura-m?e depress?o
nervosa, que h? efeito acumulativo e que as solu??es ultradilu?das e dinamizadas n?o
induziram aumento ponderal da toler?ncia aos efeitos t?xicos da Pm e n?o produziram
altera??es no estado de sa?de dos animais sadios.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:tede/822 |
| Date | 13 December 2007 |
| Creators | Pinto, Luiz Figueira |
| Contributors | Peixoto, Paulo Fernando de Vargas, Fran?a, Ticiana do Nascimento, Brito, Marilene de Farias |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Curso de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Veterin?rias, UFRRJ, Brasil, Parasitologia Veterin?ria |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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