Although kicking is a fundamental motor skill, little research has been conducted to determine the variables that may alter kicking patterns during the course of human development. The purpose of the current study was to determine if velocity is a control parameter that allows kicking patterns to self-organize to higher levels of efficiency. Twenty-seven participants (16 males, 11 females, ages 7-12 years) performed 5 kicks in each of three conditions: Condition 1, Low velocity (33% of maximum), Condition 2, medium velocity (67% of maximum), and Condition 3, high velocity (maximum). Dependent measures for pattern change were thigh lag, shank lag, and foot lag, as well as peak velocity difference values for the thigh, shank, and foot. Data were collected with a Peak Motus Motion Analysis System. Segemental lag data were analyzed using a 1-way repeated measures MANOVA by condition. Significant MANOVA was followed by a 1-way ANOVA to determine measures responsible for significance. Scheffe post hoc analyses determined specific means responsible for significance. Peak velocity difference values were analyzed using a 1-way MANOVA by condition. A 1-way ANOVA determined measures responsible for significance. Scheffe post hoc analyses determined specific means responsible for significant differences. Pattern change analyses indicated that foot lag was the only variable responsible for the significant difference. As kicking velocity increased, foot lag values became increasingly more negative, indicating that the foot locked with the shank at impact with the ball. Further investigation indicated that participants may be locking the foot with the shank at impact with the ball to produce a greater effective mass of the striking object (the foot), and thus increase the resultant velocity of the ball following impact. Results indicated that velocity is a control parameter that causes kicking patterns to change; however, the pattern change does not favor the development of distal lag.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TCU/oai:etd.tcu.edu:etd-06152011-114134 |
| Date | 15 June 2011 |
| Creators | Black, Kelley Randall |
| Contributors | Dan Southard, NO SEARCH ENGINE ACCESS |
| Publisher | Texas Christian University |
| Source Sets | Texas Christian University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf, application/msword, application/octet-stream |
| Source | http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-06152011-114134/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to TCU or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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