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The antioxidative and hypolipidemic activities of tea catechins.

by Chan Ping Tim Timothy. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-141). / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.I / ABSTRACT --- p.II / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.IV / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.VI / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- History of tea --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Botany and agriculture of tea --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Classification of tea --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Composition of tea --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5 --- Tea processing --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Manufacture of green tea --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Manufacture of black tea --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Manufacture of oolong tea --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6 --- Pharmacological effects of tea catechins --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Antioxidative activity --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Hypolipidemic activity --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Antimutagenic activity --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Anticarcinogenic activity --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6.5 --- Antibacterial activity --- p.16 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITIES OF TEA ETHANOL EXTRACTS AND GTC ON OXIDATION OF CANOLA OIL --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Lipid oxidation in food --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Phenolic antioxidants --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Major phenolic antioxidants used in food --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Mechanism of action of phenolic antioxidants --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- BHA and its safety --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.2.4 --- BHT and its safety --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Natural antioxidants --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2 --- Objectives --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3 --- Materials --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4 --- Methods --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- GTC extraction --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- "HPLC analysis of GTC," --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Isolation and purification of individual epicatechin isomers --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Ethanol extraction of tea --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Effect of tea ethanol extracts on oxygen consumption of canola --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Effect of GTC on oxygen consumption of canola oil --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Fatty acid analysis --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.8 --- Thermal loss of BHT --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.9 --- Thermal loss of GTC --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.10 --- Statistics --- p.35 / Chapter 2.5 --- Results --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Antioxidative activities of tea ethanol extracts --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- The yield and composition of GTC from jasmine tea --- p.51 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Antioxidative activity of GTC --- p.55 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Antioxidative activities of individual epicatechin isomers --- p.55 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Thermal loss of GTC --- p.60 / Chapter 2.6 --- Discussion --- p.62 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Contribution of catechins to the antioxidative effects of tea ethanol extracts --- p.62 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Antioxidaitve activities of different types of teas --- p.62 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Proposed mechanisms for the relative activity of epicatechin isomers --- p.63 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Loss of BHT via volatilization --- p.66 / Chapter 2.6.5 --- Potential of tea catechins as food antioxidants --- p.67 / Chapter 2.6.5.1 --- Safety of GTC --- p.67 / Chapter 2.6.5.2 --- Solubility of GTC --- p.68 / Chapter 2.6.5.3 --- Effects of GTC on food quality --- p.68 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF GTC AND EPICATECHIN ISOMERS ON IN VITRO CU2+-MEDIATED LDL OXIDATION --- p.70 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.70 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Mechanisms of LDL oxidation --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- Nature and sources of oxidants underlying LDL oxidation --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Structural changes of ox-LDL --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Biological effects of ox-LDL --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Antioxidants and atherosclerosis --- p.76 / Chapter 3.2 --- Objectives --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- LDL isolation --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- LDL oxidation --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) assay --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Lipid analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Statistics --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.82 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Protective effects of GTC against LDL oxidation --- p.82 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Varying protective effects of individual epicatechin isomers --- p.82 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Protective effects of GTC against oxidative degradation of PUFAs in LDL --- p.86 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.88 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Tea catechins as anti-atherogenic agents --- p.88 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Mechanisms of the protective effects of tea catechins against Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation --- p.88 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Relative antioxidative activities of epicatchin isomers --- p.89 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Absorption of tea catechins --- p.90 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Pro-oxidant activities of tea catechins --- p.91 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- HYPOLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF GTC --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- High serum cholesterol as a risk factor of CHD --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Serum TG and CHD --- p.94 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Hypolipidemic effect of tea --- p.95 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Hamster as an animal model of cholesterol metabolism --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2 --- Objectives --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Animals --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Experiment 1 --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Experiment 2 --- p.100 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Experiment 3 --- p.101 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- "Serum lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein determinations" --- p.101 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Lipid analysis of liver and carcass --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.7 --- Analysis of fecal lipid content --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.8 --- Determination of hepatic cholesterol content --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.9 --- Assay of fatty acid synthase activity --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3.10 --- Statistics --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Growth and food intake --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effects of different levels of dietary GTC on serum TG and cholesterol --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Time course study of the hypolipidemic effects of dietary GTC --- p.109 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Effects of GTWE on serum lipid and apolipoprotein profiles --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- "Effects of dietary GTC on hepatic TG, FFA and cholesterol contents" --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- "Effects of dietary GTC on carcass TG, FFA and cholesterol contents" --- p.118 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- Effects of dietary GTC on fatty acid synthase activity --- p.118 / Chapter 4.4.8 --- Effects of dietary GTC on fecal lipids content --- p.118 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.120 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Hypolipidemic effect of GTC --- p.120 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Effects of GTC on serum apolipoproteins --- p.120 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Implication of GTC intake in humans --- p.121 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Mechanisms for the hypolipidemic activity of GTC --- p.122 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- Reduction in hepatic TG and FFA contents in GTC-fed hamsters --- p.123 / Chapter 4.5.6 --- Suppression of body lipid accumulation by dietary GTC --- p.124 / Chapter 4.5.7 --- Mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic activity of GTC --- p.124 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.126 / REFERENCES --- p.129

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_322719
Date January 1997
ContributorsChan, Ping Tim Timothy., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biochemistry.
Source SetsThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
LanguageEnglish
Detected LanguageEnglish
TypeText, bibliography
Formatprint, ix, 141 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
RightsUse of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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