<p>Istraživanja u ovom radu su obuhvatila primenu koncepta analize značaja pritisaka i <br />uticaja i metoda za identifikaciju i klasifikaciju izvora pritisaka; karakterizaciju i analizu pritisaka; procenu statusa vodnih tela i procenu uticaja/rizika da se ne dostigne njihov dobar ekološki status/potencijal. Ukupan broj registrovanih zagađivača na teritoriji AP Vojvodine iznosi 185, trenutno radi njih 130. Najviše zagađivača svoje otpadne vode <br />ispušta u Tisu, DTD Vrbas-Bezdan i Begej, koji su recipijenti 61% od ukupne količine <br />otpadnih voda. Skoro 70% od ukupnog broja zagađivača pripada sektoru prerađivačke <br />industrije, a među njima je najzastupljenija proizvodnja prehrambenih proizvoda i pića. Prosečna dnevna količina ispuštenih otpadnih voda iznosi oko 140.000 m<sup>3</sup>/dan. Ukupno organsko zagađenje koje se emituje u vodotoke na području AP Vojvodine, a potiče od otpadnih voda iznosi 33 tHPK/dan i 15 tBPK/dan. Polovina zagađivača svoje otpadne vode ispuštaju bez ikakvog tretmana, četvrtina njih poseduje primarni tretman prečišćavanja, dok tercijarni tretman primenjuje svega 3% zagađivača. Veoma je mali broj zagađivača kod kojih su emitovane konecentracije usklađene sa propisanim graničnim vrednostima emisije, za nutrijente je to oko 50%, dok je za organske materije samo četvrtina od ukupnog broja zagađivača. Od 37 vodotoka, samo tri se klasifikuju u klasu 2, što odgovara dobrom kvalitetu voda. Kvalitet najvećeg broja vodotoka odgovara slabom ili lošem statusu/potencijalu (tj. klasama 4 ili 5). Najveća odstupanja od dobrog statusa/ potencijala su u sadržaju nutrijenata i parametara kiseoničnog režima. Rezultati su pokazali da su polutanti visokog rizika najčešće nutrijenti i parametri kiseoničnog režima, što najverovatnije predstavlja negativan uticaj ispuštanja otpadnih voda. Ukupno opterećenje zagađujućih materija a time i broj vodotoka na kojima je premašeno ciljano opterećenje znatno raste sa porastom emitovanog opterećenja iz koncentrisanih izvora, ali i sa smanjivanjem protoka vode u vodotocima. Najveći broj vodotoka (20) na kojima je premašeno ciljano opterećenje je u slučaju HPK i fosfora. U slučaju postizanja graničnih vrednosti emisije kod svakog zagađivača, broj vodotoka na kojima je premašeno ciljano opterećenje se smanjuje za 15-50%, zavisno od parametara, pri čemu broj vodotoka na kojima je premašeno ciljano opterećenje ne zavisi od veličine emitovanog opterećenja nego samo od protoka vode u kanalima.</p> / <p>Research in this study included the concept of pressure and influence significance analysis as well as the methods for identification and classification of the pressure sources: characterisation and analysis of pressures; assessment of the water bodies’ status and assessment of impacts/risks thattheir good ecological status/potential is not achieved. Total number of registered polluters in Vojvodina is 185, 130 of them currently working. Most polluters discharge their waste water into the Tisa River, DTD Vrbas-Bezdan and Begej River, who are the recipients of 61% of the total volume of wastewater. Almost 70% of the total number of contaminants belongs to the processing industry, and among them the most common is food and beverage production. The average daily amount of discharged wastewater is approximately 140 000 m<sup>3</sup>/day. Total organic pollution emitted into the watercourses in the areaof AP Vojvodina originates from the waste water is 33 tCOD/day and 15 tBOD/day. Half of the polluters discharge their waste water without any treatment; a quarter of them haveprimary wastewater treatment, while tertiary treatment is applied by only 3% of polluters. A very small number of polluters have their emitted pollutant concentration compatible with the prescribed emission limit values: for nutrients it is about 50%, while for the organic matter, it is only a quarter of the total number of polluters. From 37 watercourses, only three are classified as class 2, which corresponds to good quality water. Quality of the greatest number of watercourses corresponds to poor or bad status/potential (ie. classes 4 or 5). The biggest deviation from good status/potential is due to nutrients content and oxygen regime parameters. Results showed that high-risk pollutants are commonly nutrients and oxygen regime parameters, which probably represents the negative impact of waste water discharges. The total load of pollutants, and therefore the number of watercourses where the target load it exceeded, significantly increases with the increase of emitted loads from the point sources, but also with the reduction of water flow in rivers. The largest number of watercourses (20) in which the target load is exceeded, is due to COD and phosphorus. In the case of achieving the emission limit values for each polluter, the number of watercourses in which the targeted load is exceeded would be reduced by 15-50%, depending on the parameters, whereby the number of watercourses in which the targeted load it exceeded is not dependent on the load emitted but just on the waterflow in the channels. </p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)100330 |
| Date | 23 May 2016 |
| Creators | Pešić Vesna |
| Contributors | Bečelić-Tomin Milena, Dalmacija Božo, Rončević Srđan, Klašnja Mile, Krčmar Dejan |
| Publisher | Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences at Novi Sad |
| Source Sets | University of Novi Sad |
| Language | Serbian |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | PhD thesis |
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