This literature review highlights a number of factors considered important to the social climate of a prison. These factors are categorised as environmental (those external to the individual), interpersonal (relating to interactions with others), and individual (those internal and particular to the individual). These categories correspond broadly to existing theoretical approaches to understanding prison environments. The deprivation model is concerned largely with physical, structural, and contextual factors (features pertaining to the prison). In contrast, the importation model focuses on dispositional characteristics or static factors (features the individual brings to prison). While the deprivation model implies the environment shapes the individual, the importation model implies that the individual shapes its environment. Neither of these models, however, addresses the interactional and ongoing nature of adaptation to a social climate. While not exhaustive, the factors presented in this review are considered important for understanding the social climate of a prison. There are likely to be numerous other factors which also influence an individual's adjustment to the social climate (and the influence of adjustment on the climate). The model presented in this review attempts to draw these factors together, while recognising the inherent difficulties in attempting research from an interactional approach. That is, change is ongoing and individuals are continually evolving - as the person changes, the social climate changes and as the climate changes, the individual must change again. Research must continue to look at each of the individual components and their relationship with each other in order to understand the particular climate of an institution, while recognising the dynamic nature of adaptation. / Anger is an important emotion in correctional environments. Two individual difference variables that may significantly impact on anger arousal are gender and gender role identity. This study aimed to investigate the influence of gender role identity (over and above gender) on anger arousal and expression, in potentially anger-provoking conditions, in a sample of 585 Australian students. Results supported the prediction that gender role identity rather than gender is related to anger experience and arousal, with this finding being consistent across two different types of anger-triggering events. The results suggest that anger arousal is greater for masculine individuals when the intention of the provocation is ambiguous. The implications of these findings for those working with anger in prison setting are discussed. / Thesis (MPsy(Forensic))--University of South Australia, 2005.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:ADTP/267348 |
| Creators | Wharton, Michelle. |
| Source Sets | Australiasian Digital Theses Program |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Rights | copyright under review |
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