by Warren, Tak-keung Lee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves 140-154. / Acknowledgements / List of Abbreviations / Summary / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Calcium Nutrition and Bone Health --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Calcium Requirements in Children --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Concern for Calcium Intakes in Hong Kong Chinese --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- In Adults --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- In Children --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Aims of the Study --- p.11 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Calcium Homeostasis --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- Calcium in Body Skeleton --- p.12 / Chapter 2 .2. --- Hormonal Regulation of Calcium Concentration in the Extracellular Fluid Compartment --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- Calcium Absorption --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Calcium Transport Across the Intestine --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4 --- Effects of Age on Calcium Metabolism --- p.17 / Chapter 2.5 --- Effects of Nutrients on Calcium Bioavailability --- p.18 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Calcium Nutritional Status --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Vitamin D Nutritional Status --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Protein --- p.21 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Phosphorous and Calcium to Phosphorus Ratio --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Sodium --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.6 --- Lactose --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.7 --- Glucose and Glucose Polymers --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.8 --- Phytate --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.9 --- Oxalate --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methods of Evaluating Calcium Nutritional Status And Bone Mineral Content --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1 --- Methods of Evaluating Calcium Nutrition Status --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Blood Biochemistry --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Total Body Neutron Activation --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Metabolic Balance Study --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Dietary Assessment --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methods of Evaluating Bone Mineral Content --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- In Vivo Measurement of Bone Mineral Content --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3 --- Review on Adopted Methods --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Single Photon Absorptiometry (SPA) --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Review on Methods in Dietary Assessment --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Dietary Assessment Methods Adopted in the Present Study --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Food Composition Tables --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- "Subjects, Materials and Methods" --- p.54 / Chapter 4.1 --- Subjects --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2 --- Weight and Height Measurement --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3 --- Dietary Assessment --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Dietary History Record --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Food Frequency --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- 24-Hour Recall --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Estimation of the Amount of Food --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Nutrient Analysis --- p.65 / Chapter 4.4 --- Measurement of Bone Mineral Mass by Single Photon Absorptiometry (SPA) --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- The Instrument --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Calibration of the Instrument --- p.68 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Subject Positioning --- p.68 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Setting Up Pre-Scan Parameters --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Bone Scanning: Search Scan and Measure Scan --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Evaluation of the Accuracy and Precision of Bone Mineral Content Measurement --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- Radiation Exposure --- p.75 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Results --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1 --- Sample Size --- p.77 / Chapter 5.2 --- Representative of the Sample --- p.77 / Chapter 5.3 --- Weight and Height --- p.78 / Chapter 5.4 --- Validity of the Food Composition Table --- p.78 / Chapter 5.5 --- Calcium Intake of Children at Five --- p.78 / Chapter 5.6 --- "Bone Mineral Content (BMC), Bone Mineral Density (BMD), and Bone Width (BW) of 128 Hong Kong Children at Five" --- p.80 / Chapter 5.7 --- Comparisons of Bone Mineral Content (BMC) in Children with High and Low Calcium Intake --- p.81 / Chapter 5.8 --- "Relationships between Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Body Size and Dietary Intakes of Calcium, Protein and Energy" --- p.85 / Chapter 5.9 --- "Inter-correlations between Bone Mass Measurements, Body Size and Dietary Intakes in Hong Kong Children" --- p.87 / Chapter 5.10 --- Planning for Further Investigation --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- "A Study of Calcium Intake and Bone Mineral Content of Children at Five Years Old in Jiangmen, Guangdong, China" --- p.107 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.107 / Chapter 6.2 --- "Subjects, Materials and Methods" --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Subject Selection --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Weight and Height Measurements --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Dietary Assessment --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Measurement of Bone Mineral Content --- p.111 / Chapter 6.2.5 --- Results --- p.112 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Discussions --- p.120 / Chapter 7.1 --- Reliability of Dietary Calcium Assessment --- p.120 / Chapter 7.2 --- Reliability of Bone Mineral Measurement --- p.121 / Chapter 7.3 --- Representative of Studied Children in Hong Kong --- p.122 / Chapter 7.4 --- Implications of the Study --- p.123 / Chapter 7.4.1 --- Calcium Intake and Bone Mineral Content in Hong Kong Chinese Pre-school Children --- p.123 / Chapter 7.4.2 --- Calcium Intake and Bone Mineral Content of Jiangmen Pre-school Children --- p.131 / Chapter 7.5 --- The Use of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) As A Parameter in Representing Bone Mineral Mass --- p.134 / Chapter 7.6 --- A Need for Further Studies --- p.135 / Chapter 7.7 --- Conclusions --- p.136 / References --- p.140 / Chapter Appendix I --- Dietary Record Form Used in Hong Kong Study --- p.155 / Chapter Appendix II --- Dietary Questionnaire Used in Jiangmen Study --- p.160 / Chapter Appendix III --- Validity of the Compiled Food Composition Table --- p.165 / List of Figures / List of Tables
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_318586 |
| Date | January 1990 |
| Contributors | Lee, Tak-keung., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Clinical and Pathological Sciences. |
| Publisher | Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, 167 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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