Includes bibliographical references. / The United Nations was established to promote international peace and security and has become the
world's most important peacekeeper and safeguard of human rights.1 Due to the increasing number of attacks against those who keep the peace in practice,
the international community felt the urgent need for a better protection for its peacekeeping personnel.2 Therefore, attacks against peacekeepers have
been incorporated in Article 8(2)(b)(iii) and (e)(iii) of the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC-Statute) as well as later in Article 4(b) of the
Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL-Statute). The incorporation of attacks against peacekeepers in the ICC-Statute was not the only novelty.
It is the first international criminal code that provides a general part which explicitly includes the principle of legality (Articles 22- 24 ICC-Statute)
and its component of specificity (nullum crime sine lege scripta) (Article 22(2) ICC-Statute). It is the aim of this paper to examine whether the war crimes of
intentionally directed attacks against peacekeepers, in its current version, meets the requirement of specificity. This paper will argue that the notion of the
principle of legality (nullum crime sine lege) in the ICC-Statute witnesses a development from a loose to a strict application of this principle, and its components.
Due to the limitation of this paper, the discussion will focus on the most controversial elements of crime, namely "attack", "peacekeeping mission in accordance with
the U.N. Charter" and "as long as they are entitled to the protection afforded to civilians under IHL." I will argue that the elements "attack" and "as long as they
are entitled to the protection afforded to civilians under IHL" cannot be clearly defined and that their scope is controversy, which makes it impossible for the
subject of law to determine whether certain behaviour has a criminal conduct. This paper will conclude that the current versions of Article 8(2)(b)(iii), (e)(iii)
and Article 4(b) SCSL-Statute are consequently violating the principle of specificity, which makes them void. The conclusion will offer a possible lawful version.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:uct/oai:localhost:11427/12610 |
| Date | January 2011 |
| Creators | Seifert, Katharina Elena |
| Contributors | Oxtoby, Christopher |
| Publisher | University of Cape Town, Faculty of Law, Department of Public Law |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Master Thesis, Masters, LLM |
| Format | application/pdf |
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