<p>Li-ion batteries are not only a technology for the future, they are indeed already the technology of choice for today’s mobile phones, laptops and cordless power tools. Their ability to provide high energy densities inexpensively and in a way which conforms to modern environmental standards is constantly opening up new markets for these batteries. To be able to maintain this trend, it is imperative that all issues which relate safety to performance be studied in the greatest detail. The surface chemistry of the electrode-electrolyte interfaces is intrinsically crucial to Li-ion battery performance and safety. Unfortunately, the reactions occurring at these interfaces are still poorly understood. The aim of this thesis is therefore to increase our understanding of the surface chemistries and stability phenomena at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces for three novel Li-ion battery electrode materials.</p><p>Photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the surface chemistry of the anode material AlSb and the cathode materials LiFePO<sub>4</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>FeSiO<sub>4</sub>. The cathode materials were both carbon-coated to improve inter-particle contact. The surface chemistry of these electrodes has been investigated in relation to their electrochemical performance and X-ray diffraction obtained structural results. Surface film formation and degradation reactions are also discussed.</p><p>For AlSb, it has been shown that most of the surface layer deposition occurs between 0.50 and 0.01 V <i>vs.</i> Li°/Li<sup>+</sup> and that cycling performance improves when the lower cut-off potential of 0.50 V is used instead of 0.01 V. For both LiFePO<sub>4</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>FeSiO<sub>4</sub>, the surface layer has been found to be very thin and does not provide complete surface coverage. Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> was also found on the surface of Li<sub>2</sub>FeSiO<sub>4</sub> on exposure to air; this was found to disappear from the surface in a PC-based electrolyte. These results combine to give the promise of good long-term cycling with increased performance and safety for all three electrode materials studied.</p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:UPSALLA/oai:DiVA.org:uu-8214 |
| Date | January 2007 |
| Creators | Stjerndahl, Mårten |
| Publisher | Uppsala University, Department of Materials Chemistry, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis |
| Source Sets | DiVA Archive at Upsalla University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary, text |
| Relation | Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology, 1651-6214 ; 343 |
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