M.Sc. (Geology) / The study was undertaken to investigate the stratigraphic and sedimentological character of the transition between the Ecca and Beaufort Groups in the northeastern region of the main Karoo basin. Detailed stratigraphic profiles demonstrate that the transition comprises a regressional sequence of dark basinal shale overlain by sandy delta-lobe deposits. This is overlain by lenticular sandstones and shale representing meandering stream deposits. The deltaic sedimentary rocks vary markedly along strike and record deposition in four different deltaic sUbenvironments, namely: (A) "Normal" central delta lobe areas characterized by distal mouth bar sandstone-shale rhythmites gradationally overlain by proximal distributary mouth bar sandstones. (B) Interdistributary bay areas characterized by stacked thin upward-coarsening shale-sandstone cycles. (C) Areas of strong distributary channel erosion where prodelta shale deposits are erosively overlain by distributary or fluvial channel sandstones. No distributary mouth bar deposits are present. (D) Storm-dominated areas comprising prodelta sedimentary rocks which are in turn overlain by storm and possible barrier sand deposits. Palaeocurrent directions indicate that sediment transport was from the north-west, north and north-east. The concentrations of the trace elements B, V, Zn and Ni in prodelta shales indicate the possible prevalence of both marine and freshwater conditions in the near-coastal waters of the Ecca basin. Lateral variation of depositional environments on the same stratigraphic level makes the placing of the Ecca-Beaufort contact based on genetic criteria unsuitable. It is therefore suggested that purely lithostratigraphic criteria be used. On this basis the Ecca-Beaufort contact is taken at the base of the first prominent sandstone which overlies the Volksrust Shale Formation.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:uj/uj:4528 |
| Date | 27 March 2014 |
| Creators | Muntingh, Dirk Jacobus |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Rights | University of Johannesburg |
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