由于秉持古典哲学观念和传统写作技艺，施特劳斯笔下的自然正当到底意味着什么，十分令人费解。像施特劳斯解读古典著作那样的一种对《自然权利与历史》的详细疏解，实属必要。本文通过对《自然权利与历史》前四章的深入剖析，澄清了古典自然正当学说的基本内容和主要特征。以苏格拉底－柏拉图的探究式怀疑主义为底色的古典自然正当观念，既不是一种自然法学说，也不是一般所谓的绝对主义，而是一种苏格拉底式的正义观。通过对“自然保持哲学上的忠诚，这种正义观得以突破犬儒主义与理想主义之间的两难困境，而始终坚守中道。 / 论文分为两个部分。第一部分首先从自然正当的角度重新解释了苏格拉底问题。接着，通过参照施特劳斯的其它相关著作，澄清了自然正当与自然法之间的本质区别，这个区别在《自然权利与历史》一书中被刻意模糊了。最后，结合当代德国公法学家卡尔施密特的相关论说，分析了施特劳斯对“例外状态的简短讨论。施特劳斯与施密特曾经有过短暂的交锋，该部分对例外状态的阐释，也是对两者思想差异的另一种解读。 / 论文第二部分主要在于说明，古典的自然正当学说如何面对三种强有力的挑战，即习俗主义、神圣启示和历史主义。习俗主义的代表是伊壁鸠鲁主义，其内核是享乐主义。习俗主义之所以否认自然正当，根源在于它主张一种唯物主义的世界观，将感官快乐奉为最高的善。通过从理论上复原前科学的政治世界，施特劳斯证明了哲学产生的必然性与正当性，以及哲学对于启示的合理拒绝。与以上两种否定自然正当的立场相比，历史主义是偶然产生的，是现代精神的特殊产物，但却是当前挡在自然正当观念面前的最大障碍。通过融合施特劳斯其它著作中的相关信息，本文详细梳理了历史主义从出现到成熟的全过程。鉴于历史主义的最终结果是海德格尔的生存哲学，所以这一梳理同时也简单回答了早期现代哲人的“不懈努力如何最终成就了海德格尔的生存主义。 / This dissertation examines Leo Strauss's teaching of natural right through a close reading of the first half of one of his masterpieces Natural Right and History. Due to the dialectic and "historical" character of its argument, "what natural right actually was for Strauss is surprisingly difcult to say". Contrary to the general impression, this dissertation finds that Leo Strauss's natural right doctrine is neither a type of natural law teaching nor any kind of absolutism, but a Socratic idea of justice which by insisting on a philosophic loyalty to "nature" avoids "cynicism" on the one hand and "idealism" on the other. / This dissertation consists of two parts. The first part, dealing with the specific properties of Strauss's natural right teaching, is divided into three sections. Firstly, the "Socratic problem" of Strauss is reinterpretated from the point of view of natural right. Secondly, the essential differences between natural right and natural law, which are on the surface blured in NRH, are elaborated by detailed textual analysis of both NRH and Strauss's other relevant essays. In the third section, Strauss's discussion of "extreme situation" in NRH is examined in contrast with the views of Carl Schmitt on the same subject which are now becoming increasingly popular both in China and the western world. / The second part of the dissertation is devoted to three objections of natural right, i.e., conventionalism, divine revelation and historicism, while the first two of which may be regarded as eternal alternatives to natural right, the last one is characteristic of modern philosophy. Corresponding to each of the three sections, the hedonism of Epicurus, the conflict between reason and faith and the radical historicism of Heidegger are treated with special attention. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 李明坤. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-131). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Li Mingkun. / 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一部分 --- 何为自然正当？ --- p.22 / Chapter 第一章 --- 苏格拉底问题 --- p.25 / Chapter 第二章 --- 自然正当与自然法 --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1 --- 古典自然正当学说的基本内容 --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2 --- 自然法问题 --- p.41 / Chapter 第三章 --- 论例外状态 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1 --- 自然正当与“例外问题 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2 --- 例外状态与施密特 --- p.53 / Chapter 第二部分 --- 反驳与回应 --- p.60 / Chapter 第四章 --- 习俗主义 --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1 --- 城邦：习俗还是自然？ --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- 快乐与美德 --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3 --- 伊壁鸠鲁主义与古今之争 --- p.71 / Chapter 第五章 --- 启示问题 --- p.75 / Chapter 5.1 --- 《自然权利与历史》章二的主题 --- p.77 / Chapter 5.2 --- 韦伯立场的根基及其政治哲学含义 --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3 --- 启示与哲学的冲突及其解决 --- p.85 / Chapter 第六章 --- 历史主义 --- p.93 / Chapter 6.1 --- 早期现代哲学的历史转向 --- p.94 / Chapter 6.2 --- 历史学派及其现代预设 --- p.100 / Chapter 6.3 --- 历史主义的哲学化 --- p.108 / 结语 --- p.119 / 参考文献 --- p.122
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_328489 |
| Date | January 2012 |
| Contributors | 李明坤., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Government and Public Administration., Li, Mingkun. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | Chinese, English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | electronic resource, electronic resource, remote, 1 online resource (vii, 131 leaves) |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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