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Previous issue date: 2016-05-13 / Bico injetor ? um importante componente do sistema de inje??o de um motor diesel respons?vel pela atomiza??o do combust?vel, por uma combust?o eficaz e uma baixa emiss?o de poluentes, a qual afeta diretamente o meio ambiente e o sistema cardiovascular humano. Os padr?es lim?trofes de emiss?es veiculares definidos pela legisla??o ambiental s?o crescentemente rigorosos, como o PROCONVE P7, no Brasil e a Euro 6, na Uni?o Europ?ia e restringem o tamanho do material particulado e NOx. O objetivo desta Tese foi investigar e compreender os mecanismos de desgaste de materiais fr?geis e d?cteis que se submetem ? a??o de um atomizador do tipo Common Rail, eros?o, cavita??o, ader?ncia, ades?o e corros?o. Desenvolveu-se um m?todo sistem?tico para avaliar biocombust?veis diesel, com aditivos ou obtido em postos, o seu processo de atomiza??o e sua intera??o com dois materiais estruturais, um quimicamente ativo, cobre eletrol?tico e um quimicamente inerte, vidro de ?xido de sil?cio. Um dispositivo equipado com uma c?mara de atomiza??o de alta press?o (HPSC), um dispositivo de ensaio de bico injetor e uma c?mera CCD foram usados na avalia??o do processo de atomiza??o. Nesta, foram ensaiados quatro fluidos: Ultrasene (fluido padr?o da m?quina TM 507); B6 aditivado com tensoativos; B6 com tensoativos e ?gua e B6 com tensoativos, ?gua e glicerina. Uma bancada dinamom?trica foi utilizada nos ensaios dos motores estacion?rio diesel monocil?ndrico, marca Branco BD 5.0, quatro tempos, de 5 cv funcionando com os combust?veis supracitados. Ao final de 150 horas de ensaio de cada combust?vel, o motor foi desmontado, inspecionado visualmente e feito um recondicionamento completo (incluindo bico injetor). O material particulado resultante da combust?o foi coletado por uma c?psula de coleta de gases da combust?o, desenvolvido pelo Grupo de Estudos de Tribologia e Integridade Estrutural (GET/UFRN). T?cnicas de an?lises por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia por energia dispersiva (EDS) foram usadas para avaliar os danos resultantes nos materiais submetidos ? atomiza??o e aos materiais particulados resultantes da combust?o do motor diesel BD 5.0 ap?s 20 e 150 horas. Para cada fluido ensaiado foi utilizado um bico injetor novo e os jatos atomizados por cada bico (novo e ap?s ensaios) foram filmados com c?mera CCD (resolu??o de 10 kfps). Posteriormente esses bicos foram analisados por MEV e EDS. Observaram-se part?culas met?licas com ?reas entre 0,5 e 50,0 ?m2. Evid?ncias de desgaste por ader?ncia, ades?o, corros?o, eros?o e cavita??o foram observadas no bico injetor, devido ao processo de atomiza??o dos fluidos. / A nozzle is a very important component of a diesel engine injection system. It is responsible for the atomization of the fuel for efficient combustion and low pollutant emissions levels, which directly affects the environment and the human cardiovascular system. The standards of vehicle emissions set by the environmental legislation are increasingly stringent, as PROCONVE P7 in Brazil and Euro 6, in the European Union. They restrict the size of the particulate material and NOx emissions levels. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate and understand the wear mechanisms of brittle and ductile materials which undergo the action of an atomizer type common rail, erosion, cavitation, adherence, adhesion, and corrosion. A systematic method was developed for evaluating diesel biofuels with additives or obtained in gas stations, its process of atomization and its interaction with two structural materials: a chemically active, electrolytic copper, and a chemically inert, silicon oxide glass. A test rig equipped with a high-pressure atomizing chamber (HPSC), a carrier device for ductile and brittle materials and a CCD camera were used to evaluate the atomization process. In this test rig there were tested three fluids: Ultrasene (standard fluid of the fluid nozzle testing machine TM 507), B6, B6 additivated with surfactants plus water and additivated B6 with surfactants, water and glycerin. A dynamometer test rig was used for testing a stationary diesel single cylinder engine, brand Branco, model BD5.0, four-stroke, 5 cv diesel, with the aforementioned fuels. In the end of 150 hours of each test fuel, the engine was disassembled, visually inspected and its main parts were replaced - piston, piston rings, pin, connecting rod, bearings, valves, seals, gaskets and the nozzle repair were replaced. The particulate matter coming from the combustion process, was collected by a device developed in the Tribology Study Group and Structural Integrity (GET-UFRN). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to assess the damage resulting from the materials submitted to atomization and the particulate matter from the exhaust of combustion after 20 and 150 hours. Each fluid was atomized by a new nozzle and the spray atomized by each nozzle (the new one and after testing) was recorded using a CCD camera in a 10 kfps resolution. Posteriorly, those nozzles were analyzed by SEM and EDS. It was observed metal particles ranging in size from 0.5 to 50.0 ?m2. Evidences of wear by adherence, adhesion, corrosion, erosion and cavitation were observed on inject nozzle because the fuel atomization processes.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/22331 |
| Date | 13 May 2016 |
| Creators | Oliveira Filho, Manoel Fernandes de |
| Contributors | 10973370491, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3206952338356447, Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de, 59545844434, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2811639726261017, Oliveira, Adelci Menezes de, 67187366434, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7673440916658787, Souza, Juliana Ricardo de, 05844998413, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6490112574411234, Filgueira, Marcello, 77881931434, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0725750287341168, Souza, Roberto Silva de, 44466927472, Barbosa, Cleiton Rubens Formiga, Medeiros, Jo?o Telesforo N?brega de |
| Publisher | PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA MEC?NICA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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