The Japanese language allows flexible word order (Shibatani, 1990) and allows missing noun constituents (Shibatani, 1990). The case-marking is realized with postpositional particles, e.g. the subject marker —ga and the direct object marker -o. However, these case markers are often omitted (Aida, 1993; Miyata, 2008; Rispoli, 1989). While Bates and MacWhinney (1989) and Sasaki and MacWhinney (2006) view case marking as the strongest cue in Japanese and animacy contrast as the second reliable cue, Ito, Tahara, and Park (1993) and Rispoli (1987) claim that Japanese children produce case markers with errors because they do not process them. It has not been clear how Japanese children acquire verb argument structure when there is little structural information in their input. The current study aims to account for first language acquisition of Japanese verb argument structure by means of corpus analysis. We hypothesize that, while case markers are often omitted, both mothers' production and children's production initially follow the canonical pattern where the word order cue and the animacy contrast cue form a coalition (Bates & MacWhinney, 1989; Sasaki & MacWhinney, 2006), which aids children to identify the grammatical relations of the verb arguments. The results indicated that the coalition we proposed is reliable information when the two nouns were realized. While both mothers and children produced the non-canonical form frequently even at the earliest age contrary to our prediction, children start from the canonical vs. non-canonical ratio that is similar to the maternal speech and then develop their own distribution as they get older. Moreover, we suggest that animacy contrast cue in Japanese is more important for children than it has been suggested in the past. The animacy contrast is almost always present in the utterances and it is the information the speakers and the listeners use to specify the grammatical relations of the noun arguments when the sentence involves the reordering of the constituents or includes only one noun. On the other hand, the case-marking cue only appeared in a redundant context, which makes it hard for Japanese children to acquire case-marking.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:PITT/oai:PITTETD:etd-04222011-110117 |
| Date | 06 June 2011 |
| Creators | Tanaka, Nozomi |
| Contributors | Yasuhiro Shirai, Brian MacWhinney, Na-Rae Han |
| Publisher | University of Pittsburgh |
| Source Sets | University of Pittsburgh |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-04222011-110117/ |
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